ArticleEuropean journal of immunology2011
Vstm3 is a member of the CD28 family and an important modulator of T-cell function.
Article in European journal of immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 340 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-TIGIT therapies for solid tumors: a systematic review.ESMO open · 2023Pooled it
- In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic Role of TIGIT Expression in Patients with Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of immunology research · 2021Pooled it
- Vibostolimab Coformulated with Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Targeted oncology · 2026Article
- TNFα-driven epigenetic upregulation of TIGIT creates a targetable vulnerability in tumors.Oncogene · 2026Article
- The Right Key, the Wrong Lock: TIGIT Checkpoint Blockade and the Road to Precision Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Targeting Immune Checkpoint Proteins in Cancer Therapy and the Potential of RNAi-Based Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Breakthroughs in HBV-related HCC Therapy: The Unmatched Potential of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- PD-1, BTLA and TIGIT as therapeutic targets for rheumatic disease.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for immunotherapy resistance in gastric cancer.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- TIGIT antibody with PVR competitive ability enhances cancer immunotherapy and capable of eliciting anti-tumour immune memory.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- New horizons in B-cell lymphoma immunotherapy: From immune checkpoints to precision medicine.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- TIGIT, as a potential immune checkpoint target for immunotherapy of breast cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- Rationale of using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and anti-angiogenic agents in cancer treatment from a molecular perspective.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Epitranscriptomics Regulation of CD70, CD80, and TIGIT in Cancer Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Negative Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- LAG3, TIM3 and TIGIT: New Targets for Immunotherapy and Potential Associations with Radiotherapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint blockade for cancer therapy: current progress and perspectives.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Review
- Target therapy of TIGIT; a novel approach of immunotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Members of the CD28 family play important roles in regulating T-cell functions and share a common gene structure profile. We have identified VSTM3 as a protein whose gene structure matches that of the other CD28 family members. This protein (also known as TIGIT and WUCAM) has been previously shown to affect immune responses and is expressed on NK cells, activated and memory T cells, and Tregs. The nectin-family proteins CD155 and CD112 serve as counter-structures for VSTM3, and CD155 and CD112 also bind to the activating receptor CD226 on T cells and NK cells. Hence, this group of interacting proteins forms a network of molecules similar to the well-characterized CD28-CTLA-4-CD80-CD86 network. In the same way that soluble CTLA-4 can be used to block T-cell responses, we show that soluble Vstm3 attenuates T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, animals deficient in Vstm3 are more sensitive to autoimmune challenges indicating that this new member of the CD28 family is an important regulator of T-cell responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.