ReviewThe Indian journal of medical research2011
Cholera toxin: a paradigm of a multifunctional protein.
Review in The Indian journal of medical research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cholera toxin as a model ABArchives of toxicology · 2026Review
- High resolution immunoinformatic profiling of Zonula occludens toxin reveals a conserved multiepitope vaccine candidate inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Human antibody targetingmBio · 2025Article
- Milestones inAnnals of global health · 2025Review
- Current Progress in the Science of Novel Adjuvant Nano-Vaccine-Induced Protective Immune Responses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Volume-regulated anion channels conduct ATP in undifferentiated mammary cells and promote tumorigenesis in xenograft nude mouse.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Pharmaceutical and Immunological Evaluation of Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit as an Adjuvant of Hepatitis B Vaccine Microneedles.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- Gaining New Insights into Fundamental Biological Pathways by Bacterial Toxin-Based Genetic Screens.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Enteric Bacterial Pathogens: A Complex Interplay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Modulation of Host-Microbe Metabolism by Cholera Toxin.Infection and immunity · 2023Review
- An oral cholera vaccine in the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.PloS one · 2023Article
- B-Cell Epitope Mapping of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in a Sample of the Lebanese Population Regarding Cholera.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Vaccination against Bacterial Infections: Challenges, Progress, and New Approaches with a Focus on Intracellular Bacteria.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Review
- From the Dish to the Real World: Modeling Interactions between the Gut and Microorganisms in Gut Organoids by Tailoring the Gut Milieu.International journal of stem cells · 2022Review
- ABToxins · 2022Review
- The Role of Plasma Membrane Sodium/Hydrogen Exchangers in Gastrointestinal Functions: Proliferation and Differentiation, Fluid/Electrolyte Transport and Barrier Integrity.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Microbial lectome versus host glycolipidome: How pathogens exploit glycosphingolipids to invade, dupe or kill.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Visual Identification and Serotyping of ToxigenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) was discovered exactly half a century ago by S.N. De. We have come a long way since this epoch-making discovery. Retrospectively, science had to wait a long time since Koch's prediction of the existence of a toxin, and its actual discovery by De. CT is not just another enterotoxin that causes the signs and symptoms of the dreaded disease, cholera. It is unique in many respects, starting from its structure to its functions. CT is a multifunctional protein that is capable of influencing the immune system in many ways. It not only has remarkable adjuvant properties, but also acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, by modulating specific signal transduction pathways. Its immunomodulatory properties can be harnessed for treatment of various autoimmune disorders, and have shown great promise in the area of immunotherapeutics. CT can truly be considered as a paradigm of a multifunctional protein.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21415492PMC3089049W2113391450What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.