Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21415369›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011

Ectopic B-cell clusters that infiltrate transplanted human kidneys are clonal.

Julong Cheng, Ali Torkamani, Rajesh K Grover, Teresa M Jones, Diana I Ruiz, Nicholas J Schork, Michael M Quigley, F Wesley Hall, Daniel R Salomon, Richard A Lerner

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Lung B cells in ectopic germinal centers undergo affinity maturation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Microbiota, renal disease and renal transplantation.World journal of transplantation · 2021
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Immunology of the ageing kidney.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2019
    Review
  13. Outstanding questions in transplantation: B cells, alloantibodies, and humoral rejection.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2019
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Targeting B Cells and Plasma Cells in Glomerular Diseases: Translational Perspectives.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2018
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Julong ChengDepartment of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Ali Torkamani
Rajesh K Grover
Teresa M Jones
Diana I Ruiz
Nicholas J Schork
Michael M Quigley
F Wesley Hall
Daniel R Salomon
Richard A Lerner
Scripps Research Institute · USScripps Clinic · USTorrey Pines Institute For Molecular Studies · US

Funding

SCRIPPS TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTE (UL1)UL1RR025774 · NCRR · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI TOPOL, ERIC JEFFREY · 2008 to 2011
$16.3M
NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025774
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

B cells and their immunoglobulin products participate in allograft rejection of transplanted human kidneys in which an interesting feature is the presence of a germinal center like B-cell clusters in the allograft. We report here that the immunoglobulin repertoires of these infiltrating B cells are highly restricted and the B cells within a cluster are clonal. Antibody libraries made from the infiltrating B cells of individual patients unexpectedly revealed that each patient utilizes a particular set of dominant germ line genes as well as dominant complementarity determining region 3. Comparison of kidney and peripheral blood from the same patient showed that the immunoglobulin genes from both compartments had dominant clones, but they differed. The lymphocytes that infiltrate the kidneys express the immunoglobulin gene somatic recombination machinery usually restricted to highly activated lymphocytes in germinal centers and lymphomas. An analogy can be made between the inescapable antigenic drive in chronic infection versus that in an allograft, both of which may lead to emergence of dominant B-cell clones and even lymphoid malignancy.

Indexed as

Kidney TransplantationAmino Acid SequenceAntibodiesBase SequenceB-LymphocytesCell MovementClone CellsComplementarity Determining RegionsGene Expression RegulationGenes, ImmunoglobulinGraft RejectionHumansIn Situ HybridizationKidneyMolecular Sequence DataReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionAntibodiesComplementarity Determining Regions

Identifiers

PMID21415369
PMCPMC3078383
OpenAlexW2067971216

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.