ArticlePloS one2011
The human metapneumovirus matrix protein stimulates the inflammatory immune response in vitro.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic insights and emerging applications of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) treatment: From molecular design to translational immunity.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Avian Metapneumovirus: Virology, Epidemiology, and Insights from a Comparative Analysis with Human Metapneumovirus-A Review.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Clinical Outcomes and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus in Romanian Hospitalized Patients.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Review
- Advances in Human Metapneumovirus Research: Clinical Impact, Diagnostic Innovations, and Therapeutic Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- hMPV co-infections: Distinct immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications of viral and bacterial pathogenesis.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Human metapneumovirus: pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostic technologies, and potential intervention strategies.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Human metapneumovirus (hMPV): an associated etiology of severe acute respiratory infection in children of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Host-pathogen protein-nucleic acid interactions: A comprehensive review.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
- Review
- Innate Immune Components that Regulate the Pathogenesis and Resolution of hRSV and hMPV Infections.Viruses · 2020Review
- Prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for human metapneumovirus.Virusdisease · 2018Review
- Human Metapneumovirus: Mechanisms and Molecular Targets Used by the Virus to Avoid the Immune System.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Aberrant T cell immunity triggered by human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and human Metapneumovirus infection.Virulence · 2017Review
- New Approaches for Immunization and Therapy against Human Metapneumovirus.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Review
- Imaging analysis of human metapneumovirus-infected cells provides evidence for the involvement of F-actin and the raft-lipid microdomains in virus morphogenesis.Virology journal · 2014Article
- Human metapneumovirus keeps dendritic cells from priming antigen-specific naive T cells.Immunology · 2013Article
- Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in a Renal Transplant Recipient: Do not Forget Metapneumovirus.Case reports in transplantation · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Each year, during winter months, human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is associated with epidemics of bronchiolitis resulting in the hospitalization of many infants. Bronchiolitis is an acute illness of the lower respiratory tract with a consequent inflammation of the bronchioles. The rapid onset of inflammation suggests the innate immune response may have a role to play in the pathogenesis of this hMPV infection. Since, the matrix protein is one of the most abundant proteins in the Paramyxoviridae family virion, we hypothesized that the inflammatory modulation observed in hMPV infected patients may be partly associated with the matrix protein (M-hMPV) response. By western blot analysis, we detected a soluble form of M-hMPV released from hMPV infected cell as well as from M-hMPV transfected HEK 293T cells suggesting that M-hMPV may be directly in contact with antigen presenting cells (APCs) during the course of infection. Moreover, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy allowed determining that M-hMPV was taken up by dendritic cells (moDCs) and macrophages inducing their activation. Furthermore, these moDCs enter into a maturation process inducing the secretion of a broad range of inflammatory cytokines when exposed to M-hMPV. Additionally, M-hMPV activated DCs were shown to stimulate IL-2 and IFN-γ production by allogeneic T lymphocytes. This M-hMPV-mediated activation and antigen presentation of APCs may in part explain the marked inflammatory immune response observed in pathology induced by hMPV in patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.