ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2011
Progesterone resistance in PCOS endometrium: a microarray analysis in clomiphene citrate-treated and artificial menstrual cycles.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05062135 (Abnormalities of the Endometrium Persist Despite Adequate Progesterone Supplementation in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Abnormalities of the Endometrium Persist Despite Adequate Progesterone Supplementation in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis of Candidate Genes and Pathways in the Endometrium of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome During the Implantation Window.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of menstrual cycle phase and BMI on mitochondrial dysfunction in PMOS endometrium.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Reproductive Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- A Review of the Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Quercetin for Uterine-Related Conditions.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Using Machine Learning to Predict the Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer Patients Undergoing Fertility-Sparing Treatment.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Molecular Impact of Metabolic and Endocrine Disturbance on Endometrial Function in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- PCOS endometrium-derived epithelial organoids as a novel model to study endometrial dysfunction.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Single-cell profiling of the human endometrium in polycystic ovary syndrome.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Expression profile analysis of LncRNAs and mRNAs in pre-receptive endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
- Implantation and Decidualization in PCOS: Unraveling the Complexities of Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Dissecting the shared genetic architecture between endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The Effect of Metformin and Carbohydrate-Controlled Diet on DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in the Endometrium of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Modulating Morphological and Redox/Glycative Alterations in the PCOS Uterus: Effects of Carnitines in PCOS Mice.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Hormonal and Metabolic Factors Influence the Action of Progesterone on the Endometrium of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The combined impact of testosterone and Western-style diet on endometriosis severity and progression in rhesus macaques†.Biology of reproduction · 2023Article
- Risk of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2022Review
- Ovarian drilling down-regulates endometrial nuclear factor-κB p65 expression in women with PCOS: A prospective case-control study.Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women, is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism.
objectiveThe aim was to compare gene expression between endometrial samples of normal fertile controls and women with PCOS. DESIGN AND
settingWe conducted a case control study at university teaching hospitals. PATIENTS: Normal fertile controls and women with PCOS participated in the study.
interventionsEndometrial samples were obtained from normal fertile controls and from women with PCOS, either induced to ovulate with clomiphene citrate or from a modeled secretory phase using daily administration of progesterone.
main outcome measureTotal RNA was isolated from samples and processed for array hybridization with Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2 arrays. Data were analyzed using GeneSpring GX11 and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. Selected gene expression differences were validated using RT-PCR and/or immunohistochemistry in separately obtained PCOS and normal endometrium.
resultsANOVA analysis revealed 5160 significantly different genes among the three conditions. Of these, 466 were differentially regulated between fertile controls and PCOS. Progesterone-regulated genes, including mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1), S100P, and claudin-4 were significantly lower in PCOS endometrium; whereas cell proliferation genes, such as Anillin and cyclin B1, were up-regulated.
conclusionsDifferences in gene expression provide evidence of progesterone resistance in midsecretory PCOS endometrium, independent of clomiphene citrate and corresponding to the observed phenotypes of hyperplasia, cancer, and poor reproductive outcomes in this group of women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.