ArticleClinical orthopaedics and related research2011
Human early fracture hematoma is characterized by inflammation and hypoxia.
Article in Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
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99 citing papers in PubMed, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunologically restricted patients exhibit a pronounced inflammation and inadequate response to hypoxia in fracture hematomas.Immunologic research · 2011Trial
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- Tri-modal nanocatalytic microenvironment regulations for macrophage reprogramming and osteoporotic fracture healing promotion.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
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- Advances in GelMA Hydrogel-Enabled Angiogenic-Osteogenic Coupling: From Structural Programming to Exogenous Cue Synergy.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Role of the immune microenvironment in bone regeneration and progress in immune-modulating bone nanobiomaterials.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Review
- Immunometabolism of macrophages in the bone microenvironment: a new perspective for bone healing therapy.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- A spatiotemporal atlas of senescence-associated secretory phenotype in fracture healing: stage-dependent mechanisms and therapeutic windows.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- Chronobiology of fracture repair: local molecular clocks, rhythm protection, and time-anchored translation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Acid-Triggered Dual-Functional Hydrogel Platform for Enhanced Bone Regeneration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- T cell related osteoimmunology in fracture healing: Potential targets for augmenting bone regeneration.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Immunomodulation Using BMP-7 and IL-10 to Enhance the Mineralization Capacity of Bone Progenitor Cells in a Fracture Hematoma-Like Environment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Moldable self-setting and bioactive bone wax for bone hemostasis and defect repair.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Article
- Serum VEGF and ANGPT1 as angiogenesis markers may predict the outcomes of older adults with hip fractures.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Review of the Literature on the Current State of Periosteum-Mediated Craniofacial Bone Regeneration.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2024Review
- External Mechanical Stability Regulates Hematoma Vascularization in Bone Healing Rather than Endothelial YAP/TAZ Mechanotransduction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The Role of Vasculature and Angiogenic Strategies in Bone Regeneration.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Hypoxia inducible factor-1α related mechanism and TCM intervention in process of early fracture healing.Chinese herbal medicines · 2024Review
- The Impact of Delayed Osteosynthesis of Bone Healing in Patients with Extra-articular Distal Femoral Fracture.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2024Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn effective immune system, especially during the inflammatory phase, putatively influences the quality and likelihood of bone healing. If and how this is reflected within the initial fracture hematoma is unclear. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore asked the following questions: (1) Does the local expression in fracture hematoma of genes involved in adaptation to hypoxia, migration, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis vary as compared to the peripheral blood? (2) Do these changes occur time dependently? (3) Is the gene expression during fracture hematoma formation altered by irradiation?
methodsCells from fracture hematoma of 20 patients and hematomas formed in 40 patients after THA (20 without and 20 with preoperative radiation) were isolated and RNA was extracted to analyze the influence of oxygen deprivation during fracture healing on mRNA expression of genes (HIF1A, LDHA, and PGK1) involved in immunoregulation (IL6, IL8, CXCR4), angiogenesis (VEGF, IL8), and osteogenesis (SPP1, RUNX2) by quantitative PCR.
resultsWe observed locally increased LDHA gene expression in fracture hematoma cells (6-72 h post fracture) reflecting the adaptation to hypoxia. IL6, IL8, and VEGF upregulation indicated hypoxia-mediated inflammation and angiogenesis; increased CXCR4 expression reflected immigration of immune cells. Osteogenic differentiation was reflected in the increased expression of the SPP1 and RUNX2 genes. The increased expression of the LDHA, VEGF, IL8, SPP1 and RUNX2 genes occurred time dependently. Irradiation suppressed HIF1A, IL6, IL8, CXCR4, and RUNX2 gene expression.
conclusionsOur data suggest cells in the fracture hematoma (1) adapt to hypoxia and (2) promote inflammation in fracture healing at the mRNA level, indicating early involvement of the immune system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The initial fracture hematoma is important for the onset of angiogenesis, chemotaxis, and osteogenesis.
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