ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2011
Position and sequence conservation in Amniota of polymorphic enhancer HS1.2 within the palindrome of IgH 3'Regulatory Region.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human antibody heavy chain variable region exon interacts with the 3' regulatory region to form a stable somatic hypermutation center.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A 3D genome atlas of human tonsil and the role of loop extrusion in B cell somatic hypermutation.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Genetic diversity of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in cohorts of patients affected with SARS-CoV-2.Human genomics · 2025Article
- Article
- Evolutive emergence and divergence of an Ig regulatory node: An environmental sensor getting cues from the aryl hydrocarbon receptor?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Associations between Allelic Variants of the Human IgH 3' Regulatory Region 1 and the Immune Response to BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Review
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-induced activation of the human IGH hs1.2 enhancer: Mutational analysis of putative regulatory binding motifs.Molecular immunology · 2020Article
- Eμ and 3'RR transcriptional enhancers of the IgH locus cooperate to promote c-myc-induced mature B-cell lymphomas.Blood advances · 2020Article
- Mouse Models ofFrontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- The immunoglobulin heavy chain 3' regulatory region superenhancer controls mouse B1 B-cell fate and late VDJ repertoire diversity.Blood advances · 2018Article
- Functional anatomy of the immunoglobulin heavy chain 3΄ super-enhancer needs not only core enhancer elements but also their unique DNA context.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
- Review
- Evidence for a quadruplex structure in the polymorphic hs1.2 enhancer of the immunoglobulin heavy chain 3' regulatory regions and its conservation in mammals.Biopolymers · 2016Article
- Deciphering the importance of the palindromic architecture of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain 3' regulatory region.Nature communications · 2016Article
- Sequential activation and distinct functions for distal and proximal modules within the IgH 3' regulatory region.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- The change in Ig regulation from children to adults disconnects the correlation with the 3'RR hs1.2 polymorphism.BMC immunology · 2014Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of Individual Modules of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus 3' Regulatory Region.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) 3' Regulatory Region (3'RR), located at the 3' of the constant alpha gene, plays a crucial role in immunoglobulin production. In humans, there are 2 copies of the 3'RR, each composed of 4 main elements: 3 enhancers and a 20 bp tandem repeat. The single mouse 3'RR differs from the two human ones for the presence of 4 more regulative elements with the double copy of one enhancer at the border of a palindromic region.
resultsWe compared the 3'RR organization in genomes of vertebrates to depict the evolutionary history of the region and highlight its shared features. We found that in the 8 species in which the whole region was included in a fully assembled contig (mouse, rat, dog, rabbit, panda, orangutan, chimpanzee, and human), the shared elements showed synteny and a highly conserved sequence, thus suggesting a strong evolutionary constraint. In these species, the wide 3'RR (~30 kb in human) bears a large palindromic sequence, consisting in two ~3 kb complementary branches spaced by a ~3 kb sequence always including the HS1.2 enhancer. In mouse and rat, HS3 is involved by the palindrome so that one copy of the enhancer is present on each side. A second relevant feature of our present work concerns human polymorphism of the HS1.2 enhancer, associated to immune diseases in our species. We detected a similar polymorphism in all the studied Catarrhini (a primate parvorder). The polymorphism consists of multiple copies of a 40 bp element up to 12 in chimpanzees, 8 in baboons, 6 in macaque, 5 in gibbons, 4 in humans and orangutan, separated by stretches of Cytosine. We show specific binding of this element to nuclear factors.
conclusionsThe nucleotide sequence of the palindrome is not conserved among evolutionary distant species, suggesting pressures for the maintenance of two self-matching regions driving a three-dimensional structure despite of the inter-specific divergence at sequence level. The information about the conservation of the palindromic structure and the settling in primates of the polymorphic feature of HS1.2 show the relevance of these structures in the control and modulation of the Ig production through the formation of possible three-dimensional structures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.