Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21406048›Full record

ReviewInfectious disorders drug targets2011

HIV treatment adherence, drug resistance, virologic failure: evolving concepts.

Jean B Nachega, Vincent C Marconi, Gert U van Zyl, Edward M Gardner, Wolfgang Preiser, Steven Y Hong, Edward J Mills, Robert Gross

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Infectious disorders drug targets, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
149citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

149 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jean B NachegaDepartments of International Health and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jnachega@jhsph.edu
Vincent C Marconi
Gert U van Zyl
Edward M Gardner
Wolfgang Preiser
Steven Y Hong
Edward J Mills
Robert Gross

Funding

Virus & Reservoirs CoreP30AI045008 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI DAVID S METZGER · 1999 to 2026
$78.6M
Center For Education and Research in TherapeuticsU18HS016946 · AHRQ · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI STROM, BRIAN LESLIE · 2007 to 2010
$4.0M
NEMCH CLINICAL RESEARCH ON AIDS TRAINING GRANTT32AI007438 · NIAID · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · PI WANKE, CHRISTINE A · 1992 to 2012
$2.5M
Patterns of antiretroviral nonadherence: association with outcomes & cost careK01AI067063 · NIAID · DENVER HEALTH AND HOSPITAL AUTHORITY · PI GARDNER, EDWARD M · 2005 to 2009
$657k
DOT-HARRT for HIV-Infected South African AdultsK23AI068582 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI NACHEGA, JEAN BISIMWA · 2006 to 2010
$652k
AHRQ HHS U18 HS016946NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI067063NIAID NIH HHS K01-AI067063NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI068582NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI 068582-01NIAID NIH HHS L30 AI080268NIAID NIH HHS L30 AI080268-02NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI045008NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI45008NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007438NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007438-16NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH083592NIMH NIH HHS R34 MH083592-01A1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Poor adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been shown to be a major determinant of virologic failure, emergence of drug resistant virus, disease progression, hospitalizations, mortality, and health care costs. While high adherence levels can be achieved in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings following initiation of cART, long-term adherence remains a challenge regardless of available resources. Barriers to optimal adherence may originate from individual (biological, socio-cultural, behavioral), pharmacological, and societal factors. Although patients and providers should continuously strive for maximum adherence to cART, there is accumulating evidence that each class of antiretroviral therapy has specific adherence-drug resistance relationship characteristics allowing certain regimens more flexibility than others. There is not a universally accepted measure for cART adherence, since each method has distinct advantages and disadvantages including cost, complexity, accuracy, precision, intrusiveness and bias. Development of a real-time cART adherence monitoring tool will enable the development of novel, pre-emptive adherence-improving strategies. The application of these strategies may ultimately prove to be the most cost-effective method to reduce morbidity and mortality for the individual and decrease the likelihood of HIV transmission and emergence of resistance in the community.

Indexed as

Medication AdherenceAnti-HIV AgentsDrug Resistance, ViralHealth Care CostsHIV InfectionsHumansAnti-HIV Agents

Identifiers

PMID21406048
PMCPMC5072419

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.