Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21402766›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2011

Longitudinal analysis of the prevalence, maintenance, and IgA response to species of the order Bacteroidales in the human gut.

Naamah Levy Zitomersky, Michael J Coyne, Laurie E Comstock

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Microencapsulation of a novelApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
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  5. The Role of Selected Bacteria in Breast Cancer Initiation and Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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  17. Journal of bacteriology · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Naamah Levy ZitomerskyDepartment of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Michael J Coyne
Laurie E Comstock
Harvard University · USBoston Children's Hospital · US

Funding

TRAINING IN PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY &NUTRITIONT32DK007477 · NIDDK · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON · PI Scott B Snapper · 1986 to 2026
$13.3M
Significance of Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide phase variationR01AI081843 · NIAID · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI COMSTOCK, LAURIE E · 2010 to 2014
$1.9M
NIAID NIH HHS AI081843NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI081843NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007477NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007477-26
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteroidales species are the most abundant Gram-negative bacteria of the human intestinal microbiota. These bacteria evolved to synthesize numerous capsular polysaccharides (PS) that are subject to phase variation. In Bacteroides fragilis, PS synthesis is regulated so that only one of the eight PS biosynthesis loci is transcribed at a time in each bacterium. To determine if the bacteria evolved this unusual property to evade a host IgA response, we directly studied the human fecal ecosystem. We performed a longitudinal analysis of the abundant Bacteroidales species from 15 healthy adults at four intervals over a year. For this study, we used bacterial culture to perform analyses not accurate with DNA-based methods, including quantification of total viable Bacteroidales bacteria, strain maintenance, and IgA responses. Abundant Bacteroidales isolates were identified to the species level using multiplex PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Arbitrarily primed PCR was used for strain typing. IgA responses to endogenous strains carried over the year were analyzed, and the orientations of the invertible PS locus promoters from the ecosystem were quantified. Subjects consistently harbored from 5 × 10(8) to 8 × 10(10) Bacteroidales bacteria/g of feces. Within the cohort, 20 different Bacteroidales species were detected at high concentrations. Bacteroides uniformis was the most prevalent; however, abundant Bacteroidales species varied between subjects. Strains could be maintained over the year within the ecosystem at high density. IgA responses were often not induced and did not correlate with the elimination of a strain or major changes in the orientations of the capsular PS locus promoters.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBacteroidesColonDNA, BacterialFecesFemaleHumansImmunity, MucosalImmunoglobulin AIntestinal MucosaMaleMiddle AgedPolymerase Chain ReactionPolysaccharides, BacterialPrevalenceDNA, BacterialImmunoglobulin APolysaccharides, Bacterial

Identifiers

PMID21402766
PMCPMC3088145
OpenAlexW2114549954

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.