ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2011
Interaction between Toll-like receptors and natural killer cells in the destruction of bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical guidelines for primary sclerosing cholangitis 2017.Journal of gastroenterology · 2018Guideline
- Immune cell remodelling and the peribiliary immune niche in primary biliary cholangitis: from initiation to chronicity.eGastroenterology · 2026Review
- Liver immunology: Biological role and clinical significance.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Functional investigation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study of primary biliary cholangitis hub genes.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Sequence of events leading to primary biliary cholangitis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Uncovering key molecules and immune landscape in cholestatic liver injury: implications for pathogenesis and drug therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- The Role of Inflammation in Cholestatic Liver Injury.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
- Cellular senescence in the cholangiopathies: a driver of immunopathology and a novel therapeutic target.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Challenges and opportunities in achieving effective regulatory T cell therapy in autoimmune liver disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Current and Emerging Molecular Markers of Liver Diseases: A Pathogenic Perspective.Gene expression · 2022Article
- HLA, gut microbiome and hepatic autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The role of natural killer cells in liver inflammation.Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Review
- [Immune pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2021Article
- NK Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: Protective or Pathogenic?Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Emerging Role of m6A Modification in Regulating the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Innate lymphocytes: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of liver diseases and cancer.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2021Review
- Liver-resident NK cells suppress autoimmune cholangitis and limit the proliferation of CD4Cellular & molecular immunology · 2020Article
- The Toll-Like Receptor 3 Agonist Polyriboinosinic Polyribocytidylic Acid Increases the Numbers of NK Cells with Distinct Phenotype in the Liver of B6 Mice.Journal of immunology research · 2020Article
- Pathogen infections and primary biliary cholangitis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Review
- Constitutive Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledPrimary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis (CNSDC) associated with destruction of small bile ducts. Although there have been significant advances in the dissection of the adaptive immune response against the mitochondrial autoantigens, there are increasing data that suggest a contribution of innate immune mechanisms in inducing chronic biliary pathology. We have taken advantage of our ability to isolate subpopulations of liver mononuclear cells (LMC) and examined herein the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), their ligands, and natural killer (NK) cells in modulating cytotoxic activity against biliary epithelial cells (BECs). In particular, we demonstrate that Toll-like receptor 4 ligand (TLR4-L)-stimulated NK cells destroy autologous BECs in the presence of interferon alpha (IFN-α) synthesized by TLR 3 ligand (TLR3-L)-stimulated monocytes (Mo). Indeed, IFN-α production by hepatic Mo is significantly increased in patients with PBC compared to disease controls. There were also marked increases in the cytotoxic activity of hepatic NK cells from PBC patients compared to NK cells from controls but only when the NK cells were prepared following ligation of both TLR3-L- and TLR4-L-stimulated LMC. These functional data are supported by the immunohistochemical observation of an increased presence of CD56-positive NK cells scattered around destroyed small bile ducts more frequently in liver tissues from PBC patients than controls.
conclusionThese data highlight critical differences in the varied roles of Mo and NK cells following TLR3-L and TLR4-L stimulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.