ArticleOecologia2011
Individual and combined effects of multiple pathogens on Pacific treefrogs.
Article in Oecologia, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Food Safety: Pathological and Biochemical Responses of Nile Tilapia (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Acute mortality in California tiger salamander (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2021Article
- Life history traits and reproductive ecology of North American chorus frogs of the genus Pseudacris (Hylidae).Frontiers in zoology · 2021Review
- Host-multiparasite interactions in amphibians: a review.Parasites & vectors · 2021Review
- Apparent lack of spill-over of parasites from an invasive anuran: PCR detectsInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2020Article
- Chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculoidea) do not increase rates of infection byInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2020Article
- Infection sequence alters disease severity-Effects of the sequential exposure of two larval trematodes toEcology and evolution · 2019Article
- Social tipping points in animal societies.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2018Review
- Disentangling complex parasite interactions: Protection against cerebral malaria by one helminth species is jeopardized by co-infection with another.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Using multi-response models to investigate pathogen coinfections across scales: insights from emerging diseases of amphibians.Methods in ecology and evolution · 2018Article
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- Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions.Veterinary research · 2015Review
- Heterogeneous occupancy and density estimates of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in waters of North America.PloS one · 2014Article
- Chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has nonamphibian hosts and releases chemicals that cause pathology in the absence of infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- Tolerance of fungal infection in European water frogs exposed to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis after experimental reduction of innate immune defenses.BMC veterinary research · 2012Article
- Assessing the impact of feline immunodeficiency virus and bovine tuberculosis co-infection in African lions.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2012Article
- Disease and the extended phenotype: parasites control host performance and survival through induced changes in body plan.PloS one · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In nature, individual hosts often encounter multiple pathogens simultaneously, which can lead to additive, antagonistic, or synergistic effects on hosts. Synergistic effects on infection prevalence or severity could greatly affect host populations. However, ecologists and managers often overlook the influence of pathogen combinations on hosts. This is especially true in amphibian conservation, even though multiple pathogens coexist within amphibian populations, and several pathogens have been implicated in amphibian population declines and extinctions. Using an amphibian host, Pseudacris regilla (Pacific treefrog), we experimentally investigated interactive effects among three pathogens: the trematode Ribeiroia sp. (hereafter, Ribeiroia), the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter, BD), and the water mold Achlya flagellata. We detected no effects of A. flagellata, but did find effects of Ribeiroia and BD that varied depending on context. Low doses of Ribeiroia caused relatively few malformations, while higher Ribeiroia doses caused numerous deformities dominated by missing and reduced limbs and limb elements. Exposure to low doses of BD accelerated larval host development, despite there being no detectable BD infections, while exposure to higher BD doses caused infection but did not alter developmental rate. Hosts exposed to both Ribeiroia and BD exhibited the highest mortality, although overall evidence of interactive effects of multiple pathogens was limited. We suggest further research on the influence of multi-pathogen assemblages on amphibians, particularly under a variety of ecological conditions and with a wider diversity of hosts and pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.