ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2011
Anergic responses characterize a large fraction of human autoreactive naive B cells expressing low levels of surface IgM.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redemption of autoantibodies on anergic B cells by variable-region glycosylation and mutation away from self-reactivity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Trial
- Activation of Anergic B Cells During Development of Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Biophysical properties of IgD determine thresholds for self-tolerance and selection into germinal centers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of anti-Ro60 B cell autoreactivity in systemic lupus erythematosus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Virus-like antigen display delivers a stand-alone danger signal through the BCR that circumvents tolerance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Low IgM Levels in Adult IEI: Classification Challenges and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Naturally self-reactive B cells are poised to cross the selection barrier into autoimmune germinal centers.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Transcriptome-Proteome Analysis of Human Naive and Memory B Cell Subsets Reveals Isotype and Subclass-Specific Phenotypes.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- The Type I Interferon Axis in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: From Molecular Pathways to Targeted Therapy.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- IgD in nucleus of pro-B cells promotes pro-B cells proliferation by regulating E2F3 expression.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Alternation in Peripheral B Cell Subpopulations Is a Potential Biomarker for Autoimmune Diseases-A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Understanding the Immune System's Intricate Balance: Activation, Tolerance, and Self-Protection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Human naïve B cells show evidence of anergy and clonal redemption following vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- B Cells With Complementary B Cell Receptors Can Kill Each Other.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Recent Advances of Type I Interferon on the Regulation of Immune Cells and the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Review
- Acute neutrophilic vasculitis (leukocytoclasia) in 36 COVID-19 autopsy brains.Diagnostic pathology · 2024Article
- IgDPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An exploration of the causal relationship between 731 immunophenotypes and osteoporosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
B cell anergy represents an important mechanism of peripheral immunological tolerance for mature autoreactive B cells that escape central tolerance enforced by receptor editing and clonal deletion. Although well documented in mice, the extent of its participation in human B cell tolerance remains to be fully established. In this study, we characterize the functional behavior of strictly defined human naive B cells separated on the basis of their surface IgM (sIgM) expression levels. We demonstrate that cells with lower sIgM levels (IgM(lo)) are impaired in their ability to flux calcium in response to either anti-IgM or anti-IgD cross-linking and contain a significantly increased frequency of autoreactive cells compared with naive B cells with higher levels of sIgM. Phenotypically, in healthy subjects, IgM(lo) cells are characterized by the absence of activation markers, reduction of costimulatory molecules (CD19 and CD21), and increased levels of inhibitory CD22. Functionally, IgM(lo) cells display significantly weaker proliferation, impaired differentiation, and poor Ab production. In aggregate, the data indicate that hyporesponsiveness to BCR cross-linking associated with sIgM downregulation is present in a much larger fraction of all human naive B cells than previously reported and is likely to reflect a state of anergy induced by chronic autoantigen stimulation. Finally, our results indicate that in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, naive IgM(lo) cells display increased levels of CD95 and decreased levels of CD22, a phenotype consistent with enhanced activation of autoreactive naive B cells in this autoimmune disease.
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