ArticleGenome biology and evolution2011
The accumulation of gene regulation through time.
Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- An information content principle explains regulatory patterns of gene expression across human tissues.Nature communications · 2026Article
- 3'untranslated regions of tumor suppressor genes evolved specific features to favor cancer resistance.Oncogene · 2022Article
- Evolution after Whole-Genome Duplication: Teleost MicroRNAs.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Enhancers Facilitate the Birth of De Novo Genes and Gene Integration into Regulatory Networks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2020Article
- The Evolutionary Traceability of a Protein.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- MiRNA-BD: an evidence-based bioinformatics model and software tool for microRNA biomarker discovery.RNA biology · 2018Article
- Borders ofFrontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- Adaptive sequence evolution is driven by biotic stress in a pair of orchid species (Dactylorhiza) with distinct ecological optima.Molecular ecology · 2017Article
- Alternative splicing and the evolution of phenotypic novelty.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2017Review
- Three-dimensional regulation of transcription.Protein & cell · 2015Review
- Gene age predicts the strength of purifying selection acting on gene expression variation in humans.American journal of human genetics · 2014Article
- Correcting for differential transcript coverage reveals a strong relationship between alternative splicing and organism complexity.Molecular biology and evolution · 2014Article
- The life cycle of Drosophila orphan genes.eLife · 2014Article
- How old is my gene?Trends in genetics : TIG · 2013Review
- Control by a hair's breadth: the role of microRNAs in the skin.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2013Review
- Identification of human HK genes and gene expression regulation study in cancer from transcriptomics data analysis.PloS one · 2013Article
- Gene duplications contribute to the overrepresentation of interactions between proteins of a similar age.BMC evolutionary biology · 2012Article
- ProteinHistorian: tools for the comparative analysis of eukaryote protein origin.PLoS computational biology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gene expression is governed by an intricate combination of transcription factors (TFs), microRNAs (miRNAs), splicing factors, and other regulators. Genes cannot support infinitely complex regulation due to sequence constraints and the increased likelihood of harmful errors. However, the upper limit of regulatory complexity in the genome is not known. Here, we provide evidence that human genes are currently not operating at their maximum capacity in terms of gene regulation. We analyze genes spanning the full spectrum of eukaryote evolution, from primate-specific genes to genes present in the eukaryote ancestor, and show that older genes tend to be bound by more TFs, have more conserved upstream sequences, generate more alternative isoforms, house more miRNA targets, and are more likely to be affected by nonsense-mediated decay and RNA editing. These results cannot be explained by overrepresentation of certain functional categories among younger or older genes. Furthermore, the increase in complexity is continuous over evolutionary time, without signs of saturation, leading to the conclusion that most genes, at least in the human genome, have the capacity to evolve even more complex gene regulation in the future.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.