ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2011
Rod outer segment retinol formation is independent of Abca4, arrestin, rhodopsin kinase, and rhodopsin palmitylation.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- E122Q rhodopsin: pigment microspectrophotometry, photoreceptor light responses, and bleaching adaptation.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Functions of Chromophore Regeneration in the Classical Visual Cycle: Implications for Retinal Disease Pathogenesis and Therapy.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Rod Photoreceptors Avoid Saturation in Bright Light by the Movement of the G Protein Transducin.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Relative Contributions of All-Trans and 11-Cis Retinal to Formation of Lipofuscin and A2E Accumulating in Mouse Retinal Pigment Epithelium.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Photooxidation mediated by 11-Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2020Article
- Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein removes all-The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- All-trans retinal levels and formation of lipofuscin precursors after bleaching in rod photoreceptors from wild type and Abca4Experimental eye research · 2017Article
- Fatty acid transport protein 1 regulates retinoid metabolism and photoreceptor development in mouse retina.PloS one · 2017Article
- Rhodopsin kinase and arrestin binding control the decay of photoactivated rhodopsin and dark adaptation of mouse rods.The Journal of general physiology · 2016Article
- Retinol dehydrogenase 8 and ATP-binding cassette transporter 4 modulate dark adaptation of M-cones in mammalian retina.The Journal of physiology · 2015Article
- Conformational selection and equilibrium governs the ability of retinals to bind opsin.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Article
- Mitochondria contribute to NADPH generation in mouse rod photoreceptors.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Multiple A2E treatments lead to melanization of rod outer segment-challenged ARPE-19 cells.Molecular vision · 2014Article
- New insights into retinoid metabolism and cycling within the retina.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2013Review
- Reduction of all-trans-retinal in vertebrate rod photoreceptors requires the combined action of RDH8 and RDH12.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Lipofuscin and N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E) accumulate in retinal pigment epithelium in absence of light exposure: their origin is 11-cis-retinal.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Distinct loops in arrestin differentially regulate ligand binding within the GPCR opsin.Nature communications · 2012Article
- Membrane receptors and transporters involved in the function and transport of vitamin A and its derivatives.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe reactive aldehyde all-trans retinal is released in rod photoreceptor outer segments by photoactivated rhodopsin and is eliminated through reduction to all-trans retinol. This study was undertaken to determine whether all-trans retinol formation depends on Abca4, arrestin, rhodopsin kinase, and the palmitylation of rhodopsin, all of which are factors that affect the release and sequestration of all-trans retinal.
methodsExperiments were performed in isolated retinas and single living rods derived from 129/sv wild-type mice and Abca4-, arrestin-, and rhodopsin kinase-deficient mice and in genetically modified mice containing unpalmitylated rhodopsin. Formation of all-trans retinol was measured by imaging its fluorescence and by HPLC of retina extracts. The release of all-trans retinal from photoactivated rhodopsin was measured in purified rod outer segment membranes according to the increase in tryptophan fluorescence. All experiments were performed at 37°C.
resultsThe kinetics of all-trans retinol formation in the different types of genetically modified mice are in reasonable agreement with those in wild-type animals. The kinetics of all-trans retinol formation in 129/sv mice are similar to those in C57BL/6, although the latter are known to regenerate rhodopsin much more slowly. The release of all-trans retinal from rhodopsin in purified membranes is significantly faster than the formation of all-trans retinol in intact cells and is independent of the presence of the palmitate groups.
conclusionsThe regeneration of rhodopsin and the recycling of its chromophore are not strongly coupled. Neither the activities of Abca4, rhodopsin kinase, and arrestin, nor the palmitylation of rhodopsin affects the formation of all-trans retinol.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.