ArticleHistochemistry and cell biology2011
The follicular dendritic cell network in secondary follicles of human palatine tonsils and spleens.
Article in Histochemistry and cell biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel Findings on the Development and Immunological Functions of Palatine Tonsils.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- The complement system in human pregnancy and preeclampsia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Splenic stromal niches in homeostasis and immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- Tissue schematics map the specialization of immune tissue motifs and their appropriation by tumors.Cell systems · 2022Article
- Follicular dendritic cell differentiation is associated with distinct synovial pathotype signatures in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Plasma cells, plasmablasts, and AIDHistochemistry and cell biology · 2020Article
- How to dissect the plasticity of antigen-specific immune response: a tissue perspective.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Review
- Article
- Germinal Center Hypoxia Potentiates Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Apoptotic cell responses in the splenic marginal zone: a paradigm for immunologic reactions to apoptotic antigens with implications for autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2016Review
- Quantification of cells expressing markers of proliferation and apoptosis in chronic tonsilitis.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2015Article
- Human spleen microanatomy: why mice do not suffice.Immunology · 2015Review
- Article
- IgM memory B cells: a mouse/human paradox.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2012Review
- Recent progress in histochemistry and cell biology.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The structure of germinal centres (GCs) in human secondary lymphatic organs has not been thoroughly investigated until now. We stained follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in serial sections of human hyperplastic tonsils and spleens to compare the morphology of GCs in fulminant immune reactions and quiescence. Detection of CD35, CD21, CD23 and the target of mAb CNA.42 confirmed that full-blown human tonsil GCs may consist of four regions, the dark zone, the basal and apical light zone and the outer zone. The outer zone was, however, not a constant feature of tonsillar GCs and existed only in a minority of follicles in most specimens. Thus, between 3 and 60% of tonsil GCs with a CD23(+) apical light zone exhibited an outer zone in individual specimens. FDCs in tonsil GCs appeared to be extremely sensitive to mechanical stress during surgery. In contrast to tonsils, seven of the eight adult spleens did not exhibit asymmetric polarized GCs, but only symmetric GCs without dark and light zones or follicles with few GC B cells. Some specimens apparently only contained primary follicles after conventional staining, but on closer inspection a homogenous hyaline extracellular material deposited among the FDCs indicated that a GC had been present. Our study demonstrates that the structure of GCs varies in different human secondary lymphatic organs most likely depending on the local antigenic challenge.
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