Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21393387›Full record

ArticleGenome research2011

High sensitivity to aligner and high rate of false positives in the estimates of positive selection in the 12 Drosophila genomes.

Penka Markova-Raina, Dmitri Petrov

Abstract readComparative StudyEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The heterogeneous selection landscape of genome evolution in prokaryotes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  6. Evolutionary and Structural Analysis of PP16 in Viridiplantae.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Signatures of Positive Selection in the Genome ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
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  20. Integrated structural and evolutionary analysis reveals common mechanisms underlying adaptive evolution in mammals.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020
    Article

24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Penka Markova-RainaDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. penka@cs.stanford.edu
Dmitri Petrov

Funding

Genomic Basis of Vertebrate DiversityP50HG002568 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KINGSLEY, DAVID M · 2002 to 2011
$29.2M
POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING IN MEDICAL INFORMATION SCIENCEST15LM007033 · NLM · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI SYLVIA KATINA PLEVRITIS · 1985 to 2026
$25.5M
Predoctoral Training Bioinformatics/Computational Biol.T32GM063495 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ALTMAN, RUSS BIAGIO · 2001 to 2009
$1.7M
Patterns of background nucleotide substitution in the human lineageR01GM077368 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI PETROV, DMITRI · 2006 to 2010
$989k
Population Genomics of Adaptive Transposition in DrosophilaR01GM089926 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI PETROV, DMITRI · 2010 to 2013
$969k
NHGRI NIH HHS HG002568-07NHGRI NIH HHS P50 HG002568NIGMS NIH HHS GM077368NIGMS NIH HHS GM089926NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM077368NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM089926NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM063495NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM63495NLM NIH HHS T15 LM007033NLM NIH HHS T5 LM07033
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We investigate the effect of aligner choice on inferences of positive selection using site-specific models of molecular evolution. We find that independently of the choice of aligner, the rate of false positives is unacceptably high. Our study is a whole-genome analysis of all protein-coding genes in 12 Drosophila genomes annotated in either all 12 species (~6690 genes) or in the six melanogaster group species. We compare six popular aligners: PRANK, T-Coffee, ClustalW, ProbCons, AMAP, and MUSCLE, and find that the aligner choice strongly influences the estimates of positive selection. Differences persist when we use (1) different stringency cutoffs, (2) different selection inference models, (3) alignments with or without gaps, and/or additional masking, (4) per-site versus per-gene statistics, (5) closely related melanogaster group species versus more distant 12 Drosophila genomes. Furthermore, we find that these differences are consequential for downstream analyses such as determination of over/under-represented GO terms associated with positive selection. Visual analysis indicates that most sites inferred as positively selected are, in fact, misaligned at the codon level, resulting in false positive rates of 48%-82%. PRANK, which has been reported to outperform other aligners in simulations, performed best in our empirical study as well. Unfortunately, PRANK still had a high, and unacceptable for most applications, false positives rate of 50%-55%. We identify misannotations and indels, many of which appear to be located in disordered protein regions, as primary culprits for the high misalignment-related error levels and discuss possible workaround approaches to this apparently pervasive problem in genome-wide evolutionary analyses.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularSelection, GeneticSoftwareAnimalsDrosophilaFalse Positive ReactionsGenomeGenomicsSequence AlignmentSpecies Specificity

Identifiers

PMID21393387
PMCPMC3106319

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.