ArticleJournal of athletic training
Scapular-muscle performance: two training programs in adolescent swimmers.
Article in Journal of athletic training. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Preventive Exercise Programs for Swimmer's Shoulder Injury on Rotator Cuff Torque and Balance in Competitive Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Influence of Walking, Manual Techniques, and Elastic Resistance Exercise on Shoulder Posture in Healthy Elderly Individuals.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Differences in Strength and Fatigue Resistance of Scapular Protractors and Retractors Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Dyskinesis.Journal of athletic training · 2024Article
- Scapular muscle endurance, shoulder pain, and functionality in patients with rotator-cuff-related shoulder pain: a matched, case-control study.Clinics in shoulder and elbow · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Therapeutic Exercise in Musculoskeletal Risk Factors Related to Swimmer's Shoulder.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2022Review
- Twelve-Week Lower Trapezius-Centred Muscular Training Regimen in University Archers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of School-Based Exercise Program on Obesity and Physical Fitness of Urban Youth: A Quasi-Experiment.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Effectiveness of a Dry-Land Shoulder Rotators Strength Training Program in Injury Prevention in Competitive Swimmers.Journal of human kinetics · 2020Article
- Article
- The Swimmer's Shoulder: Multi-directional Instability.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2018Review
- Acute effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques and classic exercises in adhesive capsulitis: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of physical therapy science · 2016Article
- Prevention of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: a science-based approach.Brazilian journal of physical therapyArticle
- Sex differences in dynamic closed kinetic chain upper quarter function in collegiate swimmers.Journal of athletic trainingArticle
- Age-related, sport-specific adaptions of the shoulder girdle in elite adolescent tennis players.Journal of athletic trainingArticle
- Concurrent validity of handheld dynamometer measurements for scapular protraction strength.Brazilian journal of physical therapyArticle
- Changes in shoulder girdle strength in 3 consecutive years in elite adolescent swimmers: a longitudinal cohort study.Brazilian journal of physical therapyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextSwimming requires well-balanced scapular-muscle performance. An additional strength-training program for the shoulders is pursued by swimmers, but whether these muscle-training programs need to be generic or specific for endurance or strength is unknown.
objectiveTo evaluate isokinetic scapular-muscle performance in a population of adolescent swimmers and to compare the results of training programs designed for strength or muscle endurance.
designControlled laboratory study.
settingUniversity human research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsEighteen adolescent swimmers. INTERVENTION(S): Each participant pursued a 12-week scapular-training program designed to improve either muscle strength or muscle endurance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Bilateral peak force, fatigue index, and protraction/retraction strength ratios before and after the scapular-training program.
resultsScapular protraction/retraction ratios were slightly higher than 1 (dominant side = 1.08, nondominant side = 1.25, P = .006). Side-to-side differences in retraction strength were apparent both before and after the training program (P = .03 and P = .05, respectively). After the training program, maximal protraction (P < .05) and retraction (P < .01) strength improved on the nondominant side. Peak force and fatigue index were not different between the training groups. The fatigue indexes for protraction on both sides (P < .05) and retraction on the nondominant side (P = .009) were higher after the training program.
conclusionsWe describe the scapular-muscle characteristics of a group of adolescent swimmers. Both muscle-strength and muscle-endurance programs improved absolute muscle strength. Neither of the strength programs had a positive effect on scapular-muscle endurance. Our results may be valuable for coaches and physiotherapists when they are designing exercise programs for swimmers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.