ArticlePloS one2011
Conical tomography of a ribbon synapse: structural evidence for vesicle fusion.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- The missing link: Piccolino is essential for tethering synaptic vesicles to rod photoreceptor ribbons.The Journal of cell biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Analysis of the relationship between rod cell membrane currents and the photoreceptor component of electroretinograms using a cable model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular Components of Vesicle Cycling at the Rod Photoreceptor Ribbon Synapse.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Ultrastructural Characteristics and Synaptic Connectivity of Photoreceptors in the Simplex Retina of Little Skate (eNeuro · 2023Article
- Three-Dimensional Ultrastructure of the Normal Rod Photoreceptor Synapse and Degenerative Changes Induced by Retinal Detachment.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- A hemifused complex is the hub in a network of pathways to membrane fusion.Biophysical journal · 2023Article
- Light-dependent changes in the outer plexiform layer of the mouse retina.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Optogenetics and electron tomography for structure-function analysis of cochlear ribbon synapses.eLife · 2022Article
- Resolving the molecular architecture of the photoreceptor active zone with 3D-MINFLUX.Science advances · 2022Article
- Retinal horizontal cells use different synaptic sites for global feedforward and local feedback signaling.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- Article
- Early Changes in Exo- and Endocytosis in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis Correlate with Decreased Synaptic Ribbon Size and Reduced Ribbon-Associated Vesicle Pools in Rod Photoreceptor Synapses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Transmission at rod and cone ribbon synapses in the retina.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2021Review
- Article
- Molecular Assembly and Structural Plasticity of Sensory Ribbon Synapses-A Presynaptic Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Synaptic ribbons foster active zone stability and illumination-dependent active zone enrichment of RIM2 and Cav1.4 in photoreceptor synapses.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Vesicular Release of GABA by Mammalian Horizontal Cells Mediates Inhibitory Output to Photoreceptors.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Review
- The Decade of Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Presynapse.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2020Review
- Nanomachinery Organizing Release at Neuronal and Ribbon Synapses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To characterize the sites of synaptic vesicle fusion in photoreceptors, we evaluated the three-dimensional structure of rod spherules from mice exposed to steady bright light or dark-adapted for periods ranging from 3 to 180 minutes using conical electron tomography. Conical tilt series from mice retinas were reconstructed using the weighted back projection algorithm, refined by projection matching and analyzed using semiautomatic density segmentation. In the light, rod spherules contained ∼470 vesicles that were hemi-fused and ∼187 vesicles that were fully fused (omega figures) with the plasma membrane. Active zones, defined by the presence of fully fused vesicles, extended along the entire area of contact between the rod spherule and the horizontal cell ending, and included the base of the ribbon, the slope of the synaptic ridge and ribbon-free regions apposed to horizontal cell axonal endings. There were transient changes of the rod spherules during dark adaptation. At early periods in the dark (3-15 minutes), there was a) an increase in the number of fully fused synaptic vesicles, b) a decrease in rod spherule volume, and c) an increase in the surface area of the contact between the rod spherule and horizontal cell endings. These changes partially compensate for the increase in the rod spherule plasma membrane following vesicle fusion. After 30 minutes of dark-adaptation, the rod spherules returned to dimensions similar to those measured in the light. These findings show that vesicle fusion occurs at both ribbon-associated and ribbon-free regions, and that transient changes in rod spherules and horizontal cell endings occur shortly after dark onset.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.