ArticleNeoplasia (New York, N.Y.)2011
Astrocytes upregulate survival genes in tumor cells and induce protection from chemotherapy.
Article in Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 266 citations in OpenAlex.
- Astrocyte-driven immunosuppression in the brain tumor microenvironment.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- MET alterations are enriched in lung adenocarcinoma brain metastases, defining a distinct biologic subtype.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Breast cancer brain metastasis: from molecular insights to therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Astrocyte Reprogramming Drives Tumor Progression and Chemotherapy Resistance in Agent-Based Models of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2025Article
- Spatial Cross-talk Modeling of the Tumor Microenvironment Identifies CCR5-Mediated Glia-to-Glia Signaling as a Key Regulator of Brain Metastatic Progression.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Astrocyte involvement in brain metastasis: from biological mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Biological profile of breast cancer brain metastasis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Review
- Effects of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Astrocytes on Cisplatin Sensitivity in Pediatric Brain Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2025Article
- B cell immunity and therapeutic opportunities in brain metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Analysis of neuroglia and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer brain metastasis.Cancer biology & therapy · 2024Review
- Crosstalk between breast cancer-derived microRNAs and brain microenvironmental cells in breast cancer brain metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Crosstalk between small-cell lung cancer cells and astrocytes mimics brain development to promote brain metastasis.Nature cell biology · 2023Article
- Inflammasome activation in peritumoral astrocytes is a key player in breast cancer brain metastasis development.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- Leveraging translational insights toward precision medicine approaches for brain metastases.Nature cancer · 2023Review
- Breast cancer brain metastasis: from etiology to state-of-the-art modeling.Journal of biological engineering · 2023Review
- The tumor-nerve circuit in breast cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2023Review
- Review
- Type I interferon response in astrocytes promotes brain metastasis by enhancing monocytic myeloid cell recruitment.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The progress of microenvironment-targeted therapies in brain metastases.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Development of surface modified bilosomes for the oral delivery of quercetin: optimization, characterization in-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity study.Drug delivery · 2022Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the United States, more than 40% of cancer patients develop brain metastasis. The median survival for untreated patients is 1 to 2 months, which may be extended to 6 months with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The growth and survival of metastasis depend on the interaction of tumor cells with host factors in the organ microenvironment. Brain metastases are surrounded and infiltrated by activated astrocytes and are highly resistant to chemotherapy. We report here that coculture of human breast cancer cells or lung cancer cells with murine astrocytes (but not murine fibroblasts) led to the up-regulation of survival genes, including GSTA5, BCL2L1, and TWIST1, in the tumor cells. The degree of up-regulation directly correlated with increased resistance to all tested chemotherapeutic agents. We further show that the up-regulation of the survival genes and consequent resistance are dependent on the direct contact between the astrocytes and tumor cells through gap junctions and are therefore transient. Knocking down these genes with specific small interfering RNA rendered the tumor cells sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents. These data clearly demonstrate that host cells in the microenvironment influence the biologic behavior of tumor cells and reinforce the contention that the organ microenvironment must be taken into consideration during the design of therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.