ArticleRadiation research2011
Pentoxifylline enhances the radioprotective properties of γ-tocotrienol: differential effects on the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal and vascular systems.
Article in Radiation research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiomitigators: Breakthroughs in Post-Radiation Recovery.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Histopathological studies of nonhuman primates exposed to supralethal doses of total- or partial-body radiation: influence of a medical countermeasure, gamma-tocotrienol.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Integrating Radioprotective Agents into Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy: Optimization of Reconstructive Outcomes in Breast Cancer.Journal of surgery and research · 2024Article
- Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Endothelial progenitor cells in the host defense response.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Hypothyroidism and risks of cerebrovascular complications among patients with head and neck cancer after radiotherapy.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- Repurposing Pharmaceuticals Previously Approved by Regulatory Agencies to Medically Counter Injuries Arising Either Early or Late Following Radiation Exposure.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Radioprotection and Radiomitigation: From the Bench to Clinical Practice.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Expanding the therapeutic index of radiation therapy by normal tissue protection.The British journal of radiology · 2019Review
- Utilization of Vitamin E Analogs to Protect Normal Tissues While Enhancing Antitumor Effects.Seminars in radiation oncology · 2019Review
- Development of Orally Administered γ-Tocotrienol (GT3) Nanoemulsion for Radioprotection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- γ-Tocotrienol as a Promising Countermeasure for Acute Radiation Syndrome: Current Status.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Medical Countermeasures for Radiation Exposure and Related Injuries: Characterization of Medicines, FDA-Approval Status and Inclusion into the Strategic National Stockpile.Health physics · 2015Review
- A tocotrienol-enriched formulation protects against radiation-induced changes in cardiac mitochondria without modifying late cardiac function or structure.Radiation research · 2015Article
- Combined mitigation of the gastrointestinal and hematopoietic acute radiation syndromes by an LPA2 receptor-specific nonlipid agonist.Chemistry & biology · 2015Article
- Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction from Rice Bran Demonstrates Potent Radiation Protection Activity.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2015Article
- Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2015Review
- Tissue distribution of emulsified γ-tocotrienol and its long-term biological effects after subcutaneous administration.Lipids in health and disease · 2014Article
- Pharmacological potential of tocotrienols: a review.Nutrition & metabolism · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The vitamin E analog γ-tocotrienol (GT3) is a potent radioprotector and mitigator. This study was performed to (a) determine whether the efficacy of GT3 can be enhanced by the addition of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) and (b) to obtain information about the mechanism of action. Mice were injected subcutaneously with vehicle, GT3 [400 mg/kg 24 h before total-body irradiation (TBI)], PTX (200 mg/kg 30 min before TBI), or GT3+PTX before being exposed to 8.5-13 Gy TBI. Overall lethality, survival time and intestinal, hematopoietic and vascular injury were assessed. Cytokine levels in the bone marrow microenvironment were measured, and the requirement for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was studied in eNOS-deficient mice. GT3+PTX significantly improved survival compared to GT3 alone and provided full protection against lethality even after exposure to 12.5 Gy. GT3+PTX improved bone marrow CFUs, spleen colony counts and platelet recovery compared to GT3 alone. GT3 and GT3+PTX increased bone marrow plasma G-CSF levels as well as the availability of IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-9 in the early postirradiation phase. GT3 and GT3+PTX were equally effective in ameliorating intestinal injury and vascular peroxynitrite production. Survival studies in eNOS-deficient mice and appropriate controls revealed that eNOS was not required for protection against lethality after TBI. Combined treatment with GT3 and PTX increased postirradiation survival over that with GT3 alone by a mechanism that may depend on induction of hematopoietic stimuli. GT3+PTX did not reduce GI toxicity or vascular oxidative stress compared to GT3 alone. The radioprotective effect of either drug alone or both drugs in combination does not require the presence of eNOS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.