Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21385342›Full record

ArticleBMC genomics2011

Widespread, focal copy number variations (CNV) and whole chromosome aneuploidies in Trypanosoma cruzi strains revealed by array comparative genomic hybridization.

Todd A Minning, D Brent Weatherly, Stephane Flibotte, Rick L Tarleton

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC genomics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  7. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
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  8. Exhausted PD-1Frontiers in immunology · 2022
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  9. Frontiers in microbiology · 2022
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  10. Review
  11. AssessingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Article
  12. Anti-International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
    Article
  13. Unpicking the Roles of DNA Damage Protein Kinases in Trypanosomatids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021
    Review
  14. Repeat-Driven Generation of Antigenic Diversity in a Major Human Pathogen,Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021
    Article
  15. Genes · 2020
    Review
  16. Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Todd A MinningCenter for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
D Brent Weatherly
Stephane Flibotte
Rick L Tarleton
University of Georgia · USUniversity of British Columbia · CA

Funding

VACCINE DISCOVERY FOR TRYPANOSOMA CRUZIP01AI044979 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA (UGA) · PI TARLETON, RICK L · 1999 to 2008
$7.5M
NIAID NIH HHS P01AI044979
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTrypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite and the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, an important public health problem in Latin America. T. cruzi is diploid, almost exclusively asexual, and displays an extraordinarily diverse population structure both genetically and phenotypically. Yet, to date the genotypic diversity of T. cruzi and its relationship, if any, to biological diversity have not been studied at the whole genome level.

resultsIn this study, we used whole genome oligonucleotide tiling arrays to compare gene content in biologically disparate T. cruzi strains by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). We observed that T. cruzi strains display widespread and focal copy number variations (CNV) and a substantially greater level of diversity than can be adequately defined by the current genetic typing methods. As expected, CNV were particularly frequent in gene family-rich regions containing mucins and trans-sialidases but were also evident in core genes. Gene groups that showed little variation in copy numbers among the strains tested included those encoding protein kinases and ribosomal proteins, suggesting these loci were less permissive to CNV. Moreover, frequent variation in chromosome copy numbers were observed, and chromosome-specific CNV signatures were shared by genetically divergent T. cruzi strains.

conclusionsThe large number of CNV, over 4,000, reported here uphold at a whole genome level the long held paradigm of extraordinary genome plasticity among T. cruzi strains. Moreover, the fact that these heritable markers do not parse T. cruzi strains along the same lines as traditional typing methods is strongly suggestive of genetic exchange playing a major role in T. cruzi population structure and biology.

Indexed as

AneuploidyDNA Copy Number VariationsComparative Genomic HybridizationDNA, ProtozoanGenetic VariationGenome, ProtozoanOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisSequence Analysis, DNATrypanosoma cruziDNA, Protozoan

Identifiers

PMID21385342
PMCPMC3060142
OpenAlexW2003262161

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.