ReviewPharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2011
The cholinergic hypothesis of cognitive aging revisited again: cholinergic functional compensation.
Review in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral Choline Reduced Working Memory-Related Brain Activation in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of the muscarinic MAlzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Effects of open-label transdermal nicotine antidepressant augmentation on affective symptoms and executive function in late-life depression.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Trial
- Nicotinic treatment of post-chemotherapy subjective cognitive impairment: a pilot study.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2019Trial
- Attention Measures of Accuracy, Variability, and Fatigue Detect Early Response to Donepezil in Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2019Trial
- Tamoxifen improves cholinergically modulated cognitive performance in postmenopausal women.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Estradiol treatment altered anticholinergic-related brain activation during working memory in postmenopausal women.NeuroImage · 2012Trial
- Sex differences in neuromodulatory subcortical systems and their implications for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation from healthy brain aging to Alzheimer's disease: a review on mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and future clinical directions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Developmental and lifelong exposure to mercury chloride exacerbates cognitive and motor decline in aged mice.AIMS neuroscience · 2026Article
- Associations between subjective cognitive concern, brain network connectivity, and cognitive performance in cognitively normal older adults.Aging brain · 2026Article
- Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Volume and Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease Before and After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The association of hemopexin, muscle quality, and sarcopenia in Japanese older adults with cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Alterations in Central Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Aging and Amyloid Precursor Protein Knock-In Mice.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Differences in cholinergic terminal density in adults with Down syndrome compared to neurotypical controls measured by [Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Brain cholinergic terminal density utilizing [Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Endogenous Estrogens and Brain Activation During Verbal Memory Encoding and Recognition in the Postmenopause.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Dopamine alters functional gradients in Parkinson's disease.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024.F1000Research · 2025Article
- Cholinergic System Structure and Function Changes in Individuals with Down Syndrome During the Development of Alzheimer's Disease.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It is now possible to reevaluate the cholinergic hypothesis of age-related cognitive dysfunction based on a synthesis of new evidence from cholinergic stimulation studies and cognitive models. We propose that a change of functional circuitry that can be observed through a combination of pharmacologic challenge and functional neuroimaging is associated with age-related changes in cholinergic system functioning. Psychopharmacological manipulations using cholinergic agonists and antagonists have been consistent in replicating patterns of aging seen in functional imaging studies. In addition, studies of anticholinesterase drugs in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment show support for the proposal that cholinergic compensation causes alterations in task-related brain activity. Thus, the cholinergic hypothesis of age-related cognitive dysfunction deserves further consideration as new methodologies for evaluating its validity are increasingly being used. Future directions for testing hypotheses generated from this model are presented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.