ArticleDiabetologia2011
Effects of a germ-free environment on gut immune regulation and diabetes progression in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.
Article in Diabetologia, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autologous fecal microbiota capsules are safe and potentially preserve beta-cell function in individuals with type 1 diabetes.Gut microbes · 2025Trial
- Ananalysis of the effects of Treg cell therapy intervention on the gut microbiota of type 1 diabetic mice using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and pathobiont exposure influences disease incidence in non-obese diabetic mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Accelerated onset of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice fed a refined high-fat diet.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2024Article
- The protective effect of the intestinal microbiota in type-1 diabetes in NOD mice is limited to a time window in early life.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Taxonomic and Functional Gut Microbiota Profiles in Relation to Seroconversion of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Euthyroid Participants.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Article
- The potential mechanism of gut microbiota-microbial metabolites-mitochondrial axis in progression of diabetic kidney disease.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Review
- Article
- Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Mice Is Associated with a Decrease in IL-2-Producing ILC3 and FoxP3Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comprehensive Approach to Medical Nutrition Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Diet to Bioactive Compounds.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Antibiotics in the pathogenesis of diabetes and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Review
- Impact of gut-peripheral nervous system axis on the development of diabetic neuropathy.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2023Article
- Homeostatic role of B-1 cells in tissue immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Functional and Taxonomic Traits of the Gut Microbiota in Type 1 Diabetes Children at the Onset: A Metaproteomic Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Interaction of Food Allergy and Diabetes: Food Allergy Effects on Diabetic Mice by Intestinal Barrier Destruction and Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Reduction in Jejunum.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Symbiotic bacteria-dependent expansion of MR1-reactive T cells causes autoimmunity in the absence of Bcl11b.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Identification of the DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides from Donkey Blood and Regulatory Effect on the Gut Microbiota of Type 2 Diabetic Mice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- High-fat diet prevents the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Article
- Early-life fingolimod treatment improves intestinal homeostasis and pancreatic immune tolerance in non-obese diabetic mice.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2021Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisMicrobial factors influence the development of diabetes in NOD mice. Studies in germ-free animals have revealed important roles of microbiota in the regulation of Th17 and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)(+) T regulatory (Treg) activation in the intestine. However, the effects of intestinal microbiota in immune regulation and diabetes development in NOD mice are still poorly understood.
methodsA colony of germ-free NOD mice was established to evaluate the effects of intestinal microbiota on regulatory immunity in the gut, and on the development of insulitis and diabetes in NOD mice.
resultsDiabetes developed in roughly equal numbers in germ-free and specific pathogen-free NOD mice. Insulitis was accentuated in germ-free NOD mice; yet insulin preservation was unaltered. Germ-free NOD mice showed increased levels of Il17 (also known as Il17a) mRNA in the colon, and of Th17 and Th1 cells in the mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes, while Foxp3 mRNA and FOXP3(+) Tregs were reduced. In the islet infiltrates, FOXP3(+)CD4(+) T cells were slightly increased in germ-free mice. B cells appeared less activated in the peritoneum and were less abundant in islet infiltrates. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThese results indicate that lack of intestinal microbiota promotes an imbalance between Th1, Th17 and Treg differentiation in the intestine. This imbalance is associated with accelerated insulitis, but intact recruitment of FOXP3(+) Tregs into islets, suggesting: (1) a microbial dependence of local induction of Treg in the gut and draining lymph nodes; but (2) a potentially compensatory function of naturally occurring Tregs in the islets, which may help control diabetogenic T cells.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.