Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21377472›Full record

ArticleJournal of molecular biology2011

Contribution of hydrophobic interactions to protein stability.

C Nick Pace, Hailong Fu, Katrina Lee Fryar, John Landua, Saul R Trevino, Bret A Shirley, Marsha McNutt Hendricks, Satoshi Iimura, Ketan Gajiwala, J Martin Scholtz and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of molecular biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
162citing papers in PubMed
6.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

162 citing papers in PubMed, 443 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Context-Aware Hydrophobicity Modeling: HydroMap and FastHydroMap.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  18. Review
  19. Thermostable Proteases fromMicroorganisms · 2025
    Review
  20. Article

102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

C Nick PaceDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. nickpace@tamu.edu
Hailong Fu
Katrina Lee Fryar
John Landua
Saul R Trevino
Bret A Shirley
Marsha McNutt Hendricks
Satoshi Iimura
Ketan Gajiwala
J Martin Scholtz
Gerald R Grimsley
Texas A&M Health Science Center · USTexas A&M University · US

Funding

ENERGETICS AND MECHANISM OF FOLDING OF RIBONUCLEASE T1R01GM037039 · NIGMS · TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCE CTR · PI PACE, CARLOS N · 1986 to 2006
$1.6M
LOCAL AND LONG RANGE INTERACTIONS IN PROTEIN FOLDINGR01GM052483 · NIGMS · TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCE CTR · PI SCHOLTZ, J. MARTIN · 2001 to 2004
$806k
HIERARCHY OF PROTEIN FOLDING AND STABILITYR29GM052483 · NIGMS · TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCE CTR · PI SCHOLTZ, J. MARTIN · 1995 to 1999
–
NIGMS NIH HHS GM 37039NIGMS NIH HHS GM 52483NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM037039NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM052483NIGMS NIH HHS R29 GM052483
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Our goal was to gain a better understanding of the contribution of hydrophobic interactions to protein stability. We measured the change in conformational stability, Δ(ΔG), for hydrophobic mutants of four proteins: villin headpiece subdomain (VHP) with 36 residues, a surface protein from Borrelia burgdorferi (VlsE) with 341 residues, and two proteins previously studied in our laboratory, ribonucleases Sa and T1. We compared our results with those of previous studies and reached the following conclusions: (1) Hydrophobic interactions contribute less to the stability of a small protein, VHP (0.6±0.3 kcal/mol per -CH(2)- group), than to the stability of a large protein, VlsE (1.6±0.3 kcal/mol per -CH(2)- group). (2) Hydrophobic interactions make the major contribution to the stability of VHP (40 kcal/mol) and the major contributors are (in kilocalories per mole) Phe18 (3.9), Met13 (3.1), Phe7 (2.9), Phe11 (2.7), and Leu21 (2.7). (3) Based on the Δ(ΔG) values for 148 hydrophobic mutants in 13 proteins, burying a -CH(2)- group on folding contributes, on average, 1.1±0.5 kcal/mol to protein stability. (4) The experimental Δ(ΔG) values for aliphatic side chains (Ala, Val, Ile, and Leu) are in good agreement with their ΔG(tr) values from water to cyclohexane. (5) For 22 proteins with 36 to 534 residues, hydrophobic interactions contribute 60±4% and hydrogen bonds contribute 40±4% to protein stability. (6) Conformational entropy contributes about 2.4 kcal/mol per residue to protein instability. The globular conformation of proteins is stabilized predominantly by hydrophobic interactions.

Indexed as

Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsAntigens, BacterialBacterial ProteinsEntropyLipoproteinsMicrofilament ProteinsMutationProtein ConformationProtein StabilityRibonucleasesRibonuclease T1Antigens, BacterialBacterial ProteinsLipoproteinsMicrofilament ProteinsRibonucleasesribonuclease Sa3Ribonuclease T1villinVlsE protein, Borrelia burgdorferi

Identifiers

PMID21377472
PMCPMC3086625
OpenAlexW2049829623

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.