ArticleCell2011
TLR signaling is required for Salmonella typhimurium virulence.
Article in Cell, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 277 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neo-BCV: A Novel Bacterial Complex Vaccine Reshaping the Gut Microbiota to Enhance the Antitumor Immune Response.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Alginate Oligosaccharide Alleviates Salmonella Typhimurium-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Signaling Pathway.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Derived Regulation of AhR and VDR Signaling in Intestinal Inflammation: Protective Roles of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Postbiotics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From past to present: the crosstalk between type VI secretion system of Salmonella and host.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are double-edged swords in Salmonella infection.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Insights into the roles of macrophages in Klebsiella pneumoniae infections: a comprehensive review.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Mechanisms conferring multi-layered protection against intestinal Salmonella Typhimurium infection.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Xylose utilization promotesVirulence · 2024Article
- Fighting the enemy within: Systemic immune defense against mucosal Salmonella infection.Immunology letters · 2024Review
- Dietary bile acids supplementation protects against Salmonella Typhimurium infection via improving intestinal mucosal barrier and gut microbiota composition in broilers.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Potential probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains alleviate TNF-α by regulating ADAM17 protein and ameliorate gut integrity through tight junction protein expression in in vitro model.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Rosmarinic Acid AttenuatesAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Engineering Versatile Bacteria-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles: An Adaptable Platform for Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Vitamin A deficiency impairs neutrophil-mediated control of Salmonella via SLC11A1 in mice.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- MARCKS Inhibition Alters Bovine Neutrophil Responses toBiomedicines · 2024Article
- Salmonella manipulates the host to drive pathogenicity via induction of interleukin 1β.PLoS biology · 2024Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) contribute to host resistance to microbial pathogens and can drive the evolution of virulence mechanisms. We have examined the relationship between host resistance and pathogen virulence using mice with a functional allele of the nramp-1 gene and lacking combinations of TLRs. Mice deficient in both TLR2 and TLR4 were highly susceptible to the intracellular bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium, consistent with reduced innate immune function. However, mice lacking additional TLRs involved in S. typhimurium recognition were less susceptible to infection. In these TLR-deficient cells, bacteria failed to upregulate Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) genes and did not form a replicative compartment. We demonstrate that TLR signaling enhances the rate of acidification of the Salmonella-containing phagosome, and inhibition of this acidification prevents SPI-2 induction. Our results indicate that S. typhimurium requires cues from the innate immune system to regulate virulence genes necessary for intracellular survival, growth, and systemic infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.