Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21373870›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of applied physiology2011

A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance.

David G Behm, Anis Chaouachi

5 registry-linked trialsAbstract readEvaluation StudyReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of applied physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 240 papers, 26 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
240citing papers in PubMed, 26 pooled it
21.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05026931 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Foam Rolling Versus Stretching Exercises on Quadriceps, Hamstrings and Calf Muscle Length in University Sport's Students

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2021 to 2021Enrolled50ConditionsMuscle TightnessArmsFoam rolling, Stretching exercises
NCT05951582 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Plyometric Exercises on Physical Fitness and Technical Skills of Football Players

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2023 to 2024Enrolled32ConditionsPhysical Fitness and Technical SkillsArmsPlyometric Exercises, Conventional Exercises
NCT07305506 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Post-Match Foam Rolling, Static Stretching, and Passive Rest on Acute Cardiac-Autonomic, Hemodynamic, and Neuromuscular Recovery in National Wrestlers

TypeinterventionalSponsorAli Kamil GÜNGÖRRan2024 to 2024Enrolled16ConditionsCardiac Autonomic Function, Hemodynamic Changes, Neuromuscular Adaptations, Exercise and RecoveryArmsFoam Rolling, Static Stretching
NCT07495371 completednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effects Of Passive Static Stretching On Hip Range Of Motion In Patients With Joint Pathologies And Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study

TypeobservationalSponsorOmicron beta researchRan2025 to 2025Enrolled12ConditionsHip Joint Disorders, Recovery After Total Hip Arthroplasty, Healthy Individuals
NCT07547644 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effects of virtual reality training using wii fit on balance, gross motor function, and agility in children with cerebral palsy -a randomized controlled trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorZiauddin UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled56ConditionsCerebral Palsy (CP), Virtual Reality, Balance, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Level I,IIArmsExperimental Group, control group
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

240 citing papers in PubMed, 26 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 709 citations in OpenAlex.

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180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

David G BehmSchool of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, A1C 5S7, Canada. dbehm@mun.ca
Anis Chaouachi
Centre National de la Médecine et des Sciences des Sports · TNMemorial University of Newfoundland · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An objective of a warm-up prior to an athletic event is to optimize performance. Warm-ups are typically composed of a submaximal aerobic activity, stretching and a sport-specific activity. The stretching portion traditionally incorporated static stretching. However, there are a myriad of studies demonstrating static stretch-induced performance impairments. More recently, there are a substantial number of articles with no detrimental effects associated with prior static stretching. The lack of impairment may be related to a number of factors. These include static stretching that is of short duration (<90 s total) with a stretch intensity less than the point of discomfort. Other factors include the type of performance test measured and implemented on an elite athletic or trained middle aged population. Static stretching may actually provide benefits in some cases such as slower velocity eccentric contractions, and contractions of a more prolonged duration or stretch-shortening cycle. Dynamic stretching has been shown to either have no effect or may augment subsequent performance, especially if the duration of the dynamic stretching is prolonged. Static stretching used in a separate training session can provide health related range of motion benefits. Generally, a warm-up to minimize impairments and enhance performance should be composed of a submaximal intensity aerobic activity followed by large amplitude dynamic stretching and then completed with sport-specific dynamic activities. Sports that necessitate a high degree of static flexibility should use short duration static stretches with lower intensity stretches in a trained population to minimize the possibilities of impairments.

Indexed as

Muscle Stretching ExercisesAthletic PerformanceClinical Trials as TopicExerciseHumansMuscle ContractionMuscle StrengthTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID21373870
OpenAlexW2011967229

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.