SynthesisPsychopharmacology2011
Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Psychopharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 557 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Trial Leveraging Smartphone-paired Breathalyzers and Loss- and Gain-framed Text Notifications for Reducing Drinking Driving
Reducing Risky Drinking Using Smartphone Paired Breathalyzer
Improving Delay Discounting to Decrease Harsh Parenting Among Parents Receiving Substance Use Treatment in Low Income Community
Train Your Brain: A Pilot Project to Improve Memory and Decision Making to Improve Outcomes Among Youth
Who cites it
557 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Reward Processing in Binge Eating and Harmful Drinking: A Systematic Review.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sweet-liking and sugar supplementation as innovative components in substance use disorder treatment: A systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Delay discounting and anxiety: a systematic review on current evidence for clinical and non-clinical population.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal associations between digital media use and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Mindfulness enhances cognitive functioning: a meta-analysis of 111 randomized controlled trials.Health psychology review · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of test-retest reliability and stability of delay and probability discounting.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Delay discounting and substance use treatment outcomes: A systematic review focused on treatment outcomes and discounting methodology.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Pooled it
- Distinct brain structural abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders: A comparative meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Delay discounting and narcissism: A meta-analysis with implications for narcissistic personality disorder.Personality disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Deprivation Has Inconsistent Effects on Delay Discounting: A Review.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Sexual discounting: A systematic review of discounting processes and sexual behavior.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of delay discounting and cannabis use.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Differential Responses to Cigarette Package Labeling Alternatives Among Adults Who Smoke: Results From a Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Gender differences in the effects of emotion induction on intertemporal decision-making.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of a novel online integrated treatment for problem gambling and tobacco smoking: Results of a randomized controlled trial.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2023Trial
- Future thinking to decrease real-world drinking in alcohol use disorder: Repairing reinforcer pathology in a randomized proof-of-concept trial.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Working Memory Training Reduces Cigarette Smoking Among Low-Income Individuals With Elevated Delay Discounting.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Behavioral economic analysis of topiramate pharmacotherapy for alcohol: a placebo-controlled investigation of effects on alcohol reinforcing value and delayed reward discounting.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Less systematic decision-making during delay discounting, but not discounting rate, is robustly linked to psychopathology.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
497 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleDelayed reward discounting (DRD) is a behavioral economic index of impulsivity and numerous studies have examined DRD in relation to addictive behavior. To synthesize the findings across the literature, the current review is a meta-analysis of studies comparing DRD between criterion groups exhibiting addictive behavior and control groups.
objectivesThe meta-analysis sought to characterize the overall patterns of findings, systematic variability by sample and study type, and possible small study (publication) bias.
methodsLiterature reviews identified 310 candidate articles from which 46 studies reporting 64 comparisons were identified (total N=56,013).
resultsFrom the total comparisons identified, a small magnitude effect was evident (d= .15; p< .00001) with very high heterogeneity of effect size. Based on systematic observed differences, large studies assessing DRD with a small number of self-report items were removed and an analysis of 57 comparisons (n=3,329) using equivalent methods and exhibiting acceptable heterogeneity revealed a medium magnitude effect (d= .58; p< .00001). Further analyses revealed significantly larger effect sizes for studies using clinical samples (d= .61) compared with studies using nonclinical samples (d=.45). Indices of small study bias among the various comparisons suggested varying levels of influence by unpublished findings, ranging from minimal to moderate.
conclusionsThese results provide strong evidence of greater DRD in individuals exhibiting addictive behavior in general and particularly in individuals who meet criteria for an addictive disorder. Implications for the assessment of DRD and research priorities are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.