ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2011
Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01734941 (A Phase 2 Randomized Three-Arm Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of 16 Weeks of Treatment With Trichuris Suis Ova), which is not on this map. Cited by 115 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 2 Randomized Three-Arm Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of 16 Weeks of Treatment With Trichuris Suis Ova (TSO) Therapy in Pediatric Patients Ages 6 to 17 With Autism
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International health · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Helminth Therapy in the Prevention of Allograft Rejection: A Systematic Review of Allogeneic Transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Hookworm Treatment for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial.JAMA neurology · 2020Trial
- A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Trichuris suis ova in Active Crohn's Disease.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2017Trial
- Adjuvant treatment with the bacterial lysate (OM-85) improves management of atopic dermatitis: A randomized study.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Symptoms after ingestion of pig whipworm Trichuris suis eggs in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial.PloS one · 2011Trial
- Homo sapiens, industrialisation and the environmental mismatch hypothesis.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- The Microbiome-Neurodegeneration Interface: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions.Cells · 2026Review
- Review
- Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites in defining multiple sclerosis phenotypic continuum.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Isolation ofF1000Research · 2026Article
- Dysbiosis and Therapeutic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Thinking outside the brain: Gut microbiome influence on innate immunity within neurodegenerative disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Review
- Geohelminths: Use in the Treatment of Selected Human Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Contacts with environmental biodiversity affect human health: links revealed during the initial waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Systemic Immune Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematodes.Annual review of immunology · 2024Review
- Treatment with a Lactococcus lactis that chromosomally express E. coli cfaI mitigates salivary flow loss in a Sjögren's syndrome-like disease.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Remyelination in multiple sclerosis, along with its immunology and association with gut dysbiosis, lifestyle, and environmental factors.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Review
- Helminth Lessons in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD).Biomedicines · 2023Review
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProbiotic treatment strategy based on the hygiene hypothesis, such as administration of ova from the non-pathogenic helminth, Trichuris suis, (TSO) has proven safe and effective in autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease.
objectiveTo study the safety and effects of TSO in a second autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), we conducted the phase 1 Helminth-induced Immunomodulatory Therapy (HINT 1) study.
methodsFive subjects with newly diagnosed, treatment-naive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) were given 2500 TSO orally every 2 weeks for 3 months in a baseline versus treatment control exploratory trial.
resultsThe mean number of new gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions (n-Gd+) fell from 6.6 at baseline to 2.0 at the end of TSO administration, and 2 months after TSO was discontinued, the mean number of n-Gd+ rose to 5.8. No significant adverse effects were observed. In preliminary immunological investigations, increases in the serum level of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were noted in four of the five subjects.
conclusionTSO was well tolerated in the first human study of this novel probiotic in RRMS, and favorable trends were observed in exploratory MRI and immunological assessments. Further investigations will be required to fully explore the safety, effects, and mechanism of action of this immunomodulatory treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.