ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Evidence from Cameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evidence for multiple past introgressions among chimpanzee subspecies during warming periods.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Is the human chin a spandrel? Insights from an evolutionary analysis of ape craniomandibular form.PloS one · 2026Article
- Bringing evolution into zoological parks through timetrees.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Genetic tracing of the illegal trade of the white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) in western Central Africa.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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- Hybrid apes in the Anthropocene: Burden or asset for conservation?People and nature (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Article
- Rivers, not refugia, drove diversification in arboreal, sub-Saharan African snakes.Ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2021Article
- Environmental variability supports chimpanzee behavioural diversity.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Similar patterns of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and humans indicate highly conserved mechanisms of MHC molecular evolution.BMC evolutionary biology · 2020Article
- A review of research in primate sanctuaries.Biology letters · 2020Review
- CD4 receptor diversity in chimpanzees protects against SIV infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Habitat differentiation among three Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (Ecology and evolution · 2019Article
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- Rediscovery of Red Wolf Ghost Alleles in a Canid Population Along the American Gulf Coast.Genes · 2018Article
- Phylogeny Estimation by Integration over Isolation with Migration Models.Molecular biology and evolution · 2018Article
- The impact of endogenous content, replicates and pooling on genome capture from faecal samples.Molecular ecology resources · 2018Article
- When Viruses Don't Go Viral: The Importance of Host Phylogeographic Structure in the Spatial Spread of Arenaviruses.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Chimpanzee genomic diversity reveals ancient admixture with bonobos.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2016Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
The history of the genus Pan is a topic of enduring interest. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are often divided into subspecies, but the population structure and genetic history of chimpanzees across Africa remain unclear. Some population genetics studies have led to speculation that, until recently, this species constituted a single population with ongoing gene flow across its range, which resulted in a continuous gradient of allele frequencies. Chimpanzees, designated here as P. t. ellioti, occupy the Gulf of Guinea region that spans southern Nigeria and western Cameroon at the center of the distribution of this species. Remarkably, few studies have included individuals from this region, hindering the examination of chimpanzee population structure across Africa. Here, we analyzed microsatellite genotypes of 94 chimpanzees, including 32 designated as P. t. ellioti. We find that chimpanzees fall into three major populations: (i) Upper Guinea in western Africa (P. t. verus); (ii) the Gulf of Guinea region (P. t. ellioti); and (iii) equatorial Africa (P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii). Importantly, the Gulf of Guinea population is significantly different genetically from the others, sharing a last common ancestor with the populations in Upper Guinea ~0.46 million years ago (mya) and equatorial Africa ~0.32 mya. Equatorial chimpanzees are subdivided into up to three populations occupying southern Cameroon, central Africa, and eastern Africa, which may have constituted a single population until ~0.10-0.11 mya. Finally, occasional hybridization may be occurring between the Gulf of Guinea and southern Cameroon populations.
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