ReviewDigestive diseases and sciences2011
Adverse effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy.
Review in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 111 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine , School of Yang-Ming University
Optimal Dose of Proton Pump Inhibitors Following an Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Does the use of proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of hypomagnesemia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Association between proton pump inhibitors and hepatic encephalopathy: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Efficacy of ilaprazole in the treatment of duodenal ulcers: a meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Pooled it
- The association between the use of proton pump inhibitors and the risk of hypomagnesemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease using radiofrequency ablation (Stretta procedure): An interim analysis of a randomized trial.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2017Trial
- The Benefits of Combination Therapy with Esomeprazole and Rebamipide in Symptom Improvement in Reflux Esophagitis: An International Multicenter Study.Gut and liver · 2016Trial
- Beneficial effect of intravenous magnesium during endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasm.Surgical endoscopy · 2015Trial
- An automated tool for detecting medication overuse based on the electronic health records.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2013Trial
- Depleted before the dose: the mitochondrial vulnerability threshold hypothesis for fluoroquinolone-associated multisystem toxicity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Pre-hospital proton pump inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective case-control study.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Review
- COVID-19 among kidney transplant recipients: evaluating risk factors during the initial phase of the pandemic.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Predictive Factors Associated with Inappropriate Intravenous Proton Pump Inhibitors Use in Hospitalized Patients: A Case-Control Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- Fundoplication: Old Concept for Novel Challenges?Visceral medicine · 2024Review
- Proton pump inhibitor alters Th17/Treg balance and induces gut dysbiosis suppressing contact hypersensitivity reaction in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Micro/nanorobots for gastrointestinal tract.Frontiers in chemistry · 2024Review
- Clinical Characteristics of Cytomegalovirus Disease of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A 10-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study.The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research · 2023Article
- Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications.Nano-micro letters · 2023Review
- Preparation of Self-microemulsion Solids of Kaempferia galanga (L.) Volatile Oil and Its Effect on Rats with Gastric Ulcer.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors have an excellent safety profile and have become one of the most commonly prescribed class of drugs in primary and specialty care. Long-term, sometimes lifetime, use is becoming increasingly common, often without appropriate indications. This paper is a detailed review of the current evidence on this important topic, focusing on the potential adverse effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor use that have generated the greatest concern: B12 deficiency; iron deficiency; hypomagnesemia; increased susceptibility to pneumonia, enteric infections, and fractures; hypergastrinemia and cancer; drug interactions; and birth defects. We explain the pathophysiological mechanisms that may underlie each of these relationships, review the existing evidence, and discuss implications for clinical management. The benefits of proton pump inhibitor use outweigh its risks in most patients. Elderly, malnourished, immune-compromised, chronically ill, and osteoporotic patients theoretically could be at increased risk from long-term therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21365243What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.