ReviewJournal of internal medicine2011
Hallmarks of CD4 T cell immunity against influenza.
Review in Journal of internal medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ambient temperature regulates CD4iScience · 2026Article
- Recombinant duck enteritis virus harboring the hemagglutinin genes of influenza virus rapidly induces specific cellular immunity in ducks.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- T Cell Responses to Influenza Infections in Cattle.Viruses · 2025Review
- Diversifying T-cell responses: safeguarding against pandemic influenza with mosaic nucleoprotein.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Regulation of CD4 T Cell Responses by the Transcription Factor Eomesodermin.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus in a cohort study.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Bona Fide Th17 Cells without Th1 Functional Plasticity Protect against Influenza.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Article
- Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- TCR Transgenic Mice: A Valuable Tool for Studying Viral Immunopathogenesis Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Protein Vaccination Directs the CD4Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Review
- Mouse Models Reveal Role of T-Cytotoxic and T-Reg Cells in Immune Response to Influenza: Implications for Vaccine Design.Viruses · 2019Review
- The use of cell-mediated immunity for the evaluation of influenza vaccines: an upcoming necessity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Review
- Early programming and late-acting checkpoints governing the development of CD4 T-cell memory.Immunology · 2018Review
- Cigarette smoke extract acts directly on CD4 T cells to enhance Th1 polarization and reduce memory potential.Cellular immunology · 2018Article
- CD4 T cells in protection from influenza virus: Viral antigen specificity and functional potential.Immunological reviews · 2018Review
- M2e-tetramer-specific memory CD4 T cells are broadly protective against influenza infection.Mucosal immunology · 2018Article
- A Co-culture Model of PBMC and Stem Cell Derived Human Nasal Epithelium Reveals Rapid Activation of NK and Innate T Cells Upon Influenza A Virus Infection of the Nasal Epithelium.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for heterosubtypic immunity to influenza virus are not well understood but might hold the key for new vaccine strategies capable of providing lasting protection against both seasonal and pandemic strains. Memory CD4 T cells are capable of providing substantial protection against influenza both through direct effector mechanisms and indirectly through regulatory and helper functions. Here, we discuss the broad impact of memory CD4 T cells on heterosubtypic immunity against influenza and the prospects of translating findings from animal models into improved human influenza vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.