ArticlePloS one2011
Increased risk of fragility fractures among HIV infected compared to uninfected male veterans.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- People with HIV infection had lower bone mineral density and increased fracture risk: a meta-analysis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2021Pooled it
- HIV and Vertebral Fractures: a Systematic Review and Metanalysis.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- The effect of HIV-hepatitis C co-infection on bone mineral density and fracture: a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Incident fractures in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2013Pooled it
- The Impact of Moderate or High-Intensity Combined Exercise on Systemic Inflammation Among Older Persons With and Without HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Patterns of Immune Activation in HIV and Non HIV Subjects and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Vitamin D and Calcium Supplement Attenuate Bone Loss among HIVInfected Patients Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine/ Efavirenz: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.Current HIV research · 2020Trial
- Bone mineral density reductions after tenofovir disoproxil fumarate initiation and changes in phosphaturia: a secondary analysis of ACTG A5224s.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2017Trial
- Greater change in bone turnover markers for efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus dolutegravir + abacavir/lamivudine in antiretroviral therapy-naive adults over 144 weeks.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Trial
- Vitamin D and Calcium Attenuate Bone Loss With Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: A Randomized Trial.Annals of internal medicine · 2015Trial
- Increased bone resorption during tenofovir plus lopinavir/ritonavir therapy in Chinese individuals with HIV.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Low baseline CD4+ count is associated with greater bone mineral density loss after antiretroviral therapy initiation.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2013Trial
- Body composition, soluble markers of inflammation, and bone mineral density in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1-infected individuals.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Prospective evaluation of bone markers, parathormone and 1,25-(OH)₂ vitamin D in HIV-positive patients after the initiation of tenofovir/emtricitabine with atazanavir/ritonavir or efavirenz.BMC infectious diseases · 2012Trial
- Differential skeletal impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in young versus old HIV-infected adults.HIV clinical trialsTrial
- Bone Health in People Living with HIV: From Pathophysiology to Practical Management.Infection & chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Polypharmacy in HIV: Rethinking what counts and why it matters.HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Bone Mineral Density Changes in People with HIV Who had Immediate Switch Versus Deferred Switch from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Based Regimens to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Incidence of frailty-related fracture among Medicaid beneficiaries living with HIV and cancer: A cohort study.PloS one · 2026Article
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV infection has been associated with an increased risk of fragility fracture. We explored whether or not this increased risk persisted in HIV infected and uninfected men when controlling for traditional fragility fracture risk factors. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsCox regression models were used to assess the association of HIV infection with the risk for incident hip, vertebral, or upper arm fracture in male Veterans enrolled in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Virtual Cohort (VACS-VC). We calculated adjusted hazard ratios comparing HIV status and controlling for demographics and other established risk factors. The sample consisted of 119,318 men, 33% of whom were HIV infected (34% aged 50 years or older at baseline, and 55% black or Hispanic). Median body mass index (BMI) was lower in HIV infected compared with uninfected men (25 vs. 28 kg/m²; p<0.0001). Unadjusted risk for fracture was higher among HIV infected compared with uninfected men [HR: 1.32 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.47)]. After adjusting for demographics, comorbid disease, smoking and alcohol abuse, HIV infection remained associated with an increased fracture risk [HR: 1.24 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.39)]. However, adjusting for BMI attenuated this association [HR: 1.10 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.25)]. The only HIV-specific factor associated with fragility fracture was current protease inhibitor use [HR: 1.41 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.70)]. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: HIV infection is associated with fragility fracture risk. This risk is attenuated by BMI.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.