ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2011
Sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-4 in adult rabbit extraocular muscle results in decreased force and muscle size: potential for strabismus treatment.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) at the forefront of ocular diseases and therapeutics.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Effects of Short-Term Treatment of Rabbit Extraocular Muscle With Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Noggin Combined With Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Promote Skeletal Muscle Regeneration.Stem cells international · 2024Article
- Clinical significance of CTGF and Cry61 protein in extraocular muscles of strabismic patients.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein-Based Therapeutic Approaches.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2018Review
- Abnormally Small Neuromuscular Junctions in the Extraocular Muscles From Subjects With Idiopathic Nystagmus and Nystagmus Associated With Albinism.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Article
- Effects of sequential injections of hepatocyte growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I on adult rabbit extraocular muscle.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2012Article
- Childhood Onset Strabismus: A Neurotrophic Factor Hypothesis.Journal of binocular vision and ocular motilityArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose. To assess the effect of a sustained-release preparation of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) on EOM force generation and muscle size. Methods. Sustained-release pellets, releasing 500 nanograms/day of BMP-4 for a maximum of 3 months, were implanted beneath the superior rectus muscle (SR) belly in anesthetized adult rabbits. The contralateral side received a placebo pellet as a control. After 1, 3, and 6 months, SRs were removed, and force generation at twitch and tetanic frequencies as well as fatigue resistance were determined in vitro. Myofiber size, myosin heavy chain isoform expression, and satellite cell density were assessed histologically. Results. SR force generation was significantly decreased by BMP-4 compared with the contralateral controls. Force generation was decreased by 25-30% by 1 month, 31-50% by 3 months, and at 6 months, after 3 BMP-4-free months, force was still decreased by 20-31%. No change in fatigue was seen. Significant decreases in muscle size were seen, greatest at 3 months. At all time points Pax7- and MyoD-positive satellite cell densities were significantly decreased. Conclusions. The decreased force generation and muscle size caused by sustained release of BMP-4 suggests that myogenic signaling factors may provide a more biological method of decreasing muscle strength in vivo than exogenously administered toxins. Treating antagonist-agonist pairs of EOM with titratable, naturally occurring myogenic signaling and growth factors may provide safe, efficacious, nonsurgical treatment options for patients with strabismus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.