ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2011
Molecular mechanisms of chlorhexidine tolerance in Burkholderia cenocepacia biofilms.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Increased Biofilm Formation Associated with Decreased Antimicrobial Susceptibility? A Systematic Literature Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Convergence of Hypervirulence and Multidrug-Resistance inInfection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing: where are we and where could we be going?Clinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Gram-negative bacteria resist antimicrobial agents by a DzrR-mediated envelope stress response.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps at the Frontline of Antimicrobial Resistance: An Overview.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Reduced Susceptibility and Increased Resistance of Bacteria against Disinfectants: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Role of RND Efflux Pumps in Drug Resistance of Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Polyclonal Burkholderia cepacia Complex Outbreak in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Caused by Contaminated Aqueous Chlorhexidine.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Review
- The role of small proteins inBiofilm · 2019Article
- The Effect of 2-Thiocyanatopyridine Derivative 11026103 onAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Development of antiseptic adaptation and cross-adapatation in selected oral pathogens in vitro.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Small Noncoding Regulatory RNAs fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Burkholderia lata Infections from Intrinsically Contaminated Chlorhexidine Mouthwash, Australia, 2016.Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Therapies for multidrug resistant and extensively drug-resistant non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections: a perilous journey toward 'molecularly targeted' therapy.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2018Review
- Identification of small RNAs abundant in Burkholderia cenocepacia biofilms reveal putative regulators with a potential role in carbon and iron metabolism.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Subfunctionalization influences the expansion of bacterial multidrug antibiotic resistance.BMC genomics · 2017Article
- Osmotic Compounds Enhance Antibiotic Efficacy against Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Communities.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Development of an accumulation assay and evaluation of the effects of efflux pump inhibitors on the retention of chlorhexidine digluconate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.BMC research notes · 2017Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The high tolerance of biofilm-grown Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria against antimicrobial agents presents considerable problems for the treatment of infected cystic fibrosis patients and the implementation of infection control guidelines. In the present study, we analyzed the tolerance of planktonic and sessile Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 cultures and examined the transcriptional response of sessile cells to treatment with chlorhexidine. At low (0.0005%) and high (0.05%) concentrations, chlorhexidine had a similar effect on both populations, but at intermediate concentrations (0.015%) the antimicrobial activity was more pronounced in planktonic cultures. The exposure of sessile cells to chlorhexidine resulted in an upregulation of the transcription of 469 (6.56%) and the downregulation of 257 (3.59%) protein-coding genes. A major group of upregulated genes in the treated biofilms encoded membrane-related and regulatory proteins. In addition, several genes coding for drug resistance determinants also were upregulated. The phenotypic analysis of RND (resistance-nodulation-division) efflux pump mutants suggests the presence of lifestyle-specific chlorhexidine tolerance mechanisms; efflux system RND-4 (BCAL2820-BCAL2822) was more responsible for chlorhexidine tolerance in planktonic cells, while other systems (RND-3 [BCAL1672-BCAL1676] and RND-9 [BCAM1945-BCAM1947]) were linked to resistance in sessile cells. After sessile cell exposure, multiple genes encoding chemotaxis and motility-related proteins were upregulated in concert with the downregulation of an adhesin-encoding gene (BCAM2143), suggesting that sessile cells tried to escape the biofilm. We also observed the differential expression of 19 genes carrying putative small RNA molecules, indicating a novel role for these regulatory elements in chlorhexidine tolerance.
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