Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21357222›Full record

ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2011

The scope of culture in chimpanzees, humans and ancestral apes.

Andrew Whiten

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The effect of habitat health and environmental change on cultural diversity and richness in animals.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Individual preferences for sound tool design in a parrot.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Experimental evolutionary simulations of learning, memory and life history.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020
    Article
  12. Primate thanatology and hominoid mortuary archeology.Primates; journal of primatology · 2020
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Chimpanzees and death.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2018
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Integrative studies of cultural evolution: crossing disciplinary boundaries to produce new insights.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2018
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Cognitive innovations and the evolutionary biology of expertise.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2017
    Review
  20. Gene-culture coevolution in whales and dolphins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Andrew WhitenCentre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK. a.whiten@st-andrews.ac.uk

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council S16447
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

More studies have focused on aspects of chimpanzee behaviour and cognition relevant to the evolution of culture than on any other species except our own. Accordingly, analysis of the features shared by chimpanzees and humans is here used to infer the scope of cultural phenomena in our last common ancestor, at the same time clarifying the nature of the special characteristics that advanced further in the hominin line. To do this, culture is broken down into three major aspects: the large scale, population-level patterning of traditions; social learning mechanisms; and the behavioural and cognitive contents of culture. Each of these is further dissected into subcomponents. Shared features, as well as differences, are identified in as many as a dozen of these, offering a case study for the comparative analysis of culture across animal taxa and a deeper understanding of the roots of our own cultural capacities.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionCultural EvolutionHominidaeAnimalsHumans

Identifiers

PMID21357222
PMCPMC3049095

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.