Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21356478›Full record

ReviewSeminars in radiation oncology2011

Molecular imaging-based dose painting: a novel paradigm for radiation therapy prescription.

Søren M Bentzen, Vincent Gregoire

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Seminars in radiation oncology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06492486 (Glioma Adaptive Radiotherapy With Development of an Artificial Intelligence Workflow), which is not on this map. Cited by 110 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
110citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06492486 phase2recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Glioma Adaptive Radiotherapy With Development of an Artificial Intelligence Workflow

TypeinterventionalSponsorTata Memorial CentreRan2026 to 2028Enrolled60ConditionsDiffuse Glioma, Glioblastoma, Adaptive Radiotherapy, Artificial IntelligenceArmsAdaptive radiotherapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

110 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. EANM/SNMMI practice guideline for [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2021
    Guideline
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  6. Potential of [18F]-fluoromisonidazole positron-emission tomography for radiotherapy planning in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2013
    Trial
  7. Quantification ofMedicinal research reviews · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
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50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Søren M BentzenDepartments of Human Oncology, Medical Physics, Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA. bentzen@humonc.wisc.edu
Vincent Gregoire

Funding

UW COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CENTER SUPPORTP30CA014520 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI AMY TRENTHAM-DIETZ · 1985 to 2026
$142.6M
Dose painting based on hypoxia and proliferative responseR01CA136927 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI JERAJ, ROBERT · 2009 to 2013
$1.4M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014520NCI NIH HHS R01 CA136927
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dose painting is the prescription of a nonuniform radiation dose distribution to the target volume based on functional or molecular images shown to indicate the local risk of relapse. Two prototypical strategies for implementing this novel paradigm in radiation oncology are reviewed: subvolume boosting and dose painting by numbers. Subvolume boosting involves the selection of a "target within the target," defined by image segmentation on the basis of the quantitative information in the image or morphologically, and this is related to image-based target volume selection and delineation. Dose painting by numbers is a voxel-level prescription of dose based on a mathematical transformation of the image intensity of individual pixels. The quantitative use of images to decide both where and how to delivery radiation therapy in an individual case is also called theragnostic imaging. Dose painting targets are imaging surrogates for cellular or microenvironmental phenotypes associated with poor radioresponsiveness. In this review, the focus is on the following positron emission tomography tracers: FDG and choline as surrogates for tumor burden, fluorothymidine as a surrogate for proliferation (or cellular growth fraction) and hypoxia-sensitive tracers, including [(18)F] fluoromisonidazole, EF3, EF5, and (64)Cu-labeled copper(II) diacetyl-di(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone) as surrogates of cellular hypoxia. Research advances supporting the clinicobiological rationale for dose painting are reviewed as are studies of the technical feasibility of optimizing and delivering realistic dose painted radiation therapy plans. Challenges and research priorities in this exciting research field are defined and a possible design for a randomized clinical trial of dose painting is presented.

Indexed as

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18HumansMolecular ImagingNeoplasmsPositron-Emission TomographyRadiopharmaceuticalsRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-AssistedTumor BurdenFluorodeoxyglucose F18Radiopharmaceuticals

Identifiers

PMID21356478
PMCPMC3052283

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.