ArticleThe American journal of pathology2011
M2 polarized macrophages and giant cells contribute to myofibrosis in neuromuscular sarcoidosis.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed.
- Specific Biomarkers Involved in Sarcoidosis Diagnosis and Prognosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Legumain Restrains Granuloma Formation by Inhibiting mTORC1/STAT1-Mediated M1 Macrophage Polarization in Sarcoidosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- New proteomic biomarkers identified in plasma extracellular vesicles in sarcoidosis: a case-control matched study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Lymphocyte signal transduction defects in cutaneous sarcoidosis and implications for treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cardiac sarcoidosis: from clinical manifestations to heart transplantation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Bioinformatics analysis identifies candidate biomarkers associated with sarcoidosis.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2025Article
- Immunopathogenesis of Sarcoidosis.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- The interplay between M2-like macrophages and Th17.1 cells promotes the progression of early-stage sarcoidosis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- New proteomic biomarkers identified in plasma extracellular vesicles in sarcoidosis: a case-control matched study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Myopathology and Immune Profile of Granulomatous Myositis in Sarcoid Myopathy.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology · 2025Article
- Sarcoidosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Review
- A case of renal sarcoidosis complicated by parotid gland and uterine lesions.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Thoughts on the Etiology of Cherubism.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Metabolism-driven glycosylation represents therapeutic opportunities in interstitial lung diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Neu1 deficiency and fibrotic lymph node microenvironment lead to imbalance in M1/M2 macrophage polarization.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Lung fibrosis in sarcoidosis. Is there a place for antifibrotics?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Tn antigen interactions of macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) in immune function and disease.Glycobiology · 2023Review
- Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Signatures of Histopathological Changes in Muscular Sarcoidosis.Cells · 2023Article
- Molecular Mechanism in the Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Patients with Sarcoidosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous disease, still remains obscure. A multitude of organs have been described to be affected in systemic sarcoidosis. Skeletal muscles may also be affected, leading to myalgia and weakness. A workup of the specific immune response with emphasis on the macrophage response is provided herein. Affected muscle tissue from seven patients with systemic sarcoidosis was analyzed and compared with that from seven patients with other myopathies containing macrophagocytic infiltration. Monocytes/macrophages and giant cells in granulomas of muscle tissue from patients with sarcoidosis show a status of alternative activation (M2) based on their expression of CD206, CD301, arginase-1, and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 as a consequence of a functionally type 2 helper T cell (Th2)-biased cytokine profile. Significant fibrosis and up-regulation of CCL18 were associated with the M2 phenotype of macrophages. Conversely, up-regulated Th1 cytokines did not result in significant classical activation of macrophages (M1), with poor inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 production. Giant cell formation was further associated with up-regulated expression of DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12; gene symbol TYROBP). Functionally, alternative activation of macrophages on the basis of a Th2-biased immune response may induce clinical symptoms and chronic evolution of neuromuscular sarcoidosis. This is the first characterization of Th2-mediated immune mechanisms in neuromuscular sarcoidosis suggesting that a specific macrophage activation status leading to myofibrosis may be a key event in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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