ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2011
A simple method for principal strata effects when the outcome has been truncated due to death.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of scaling and root planning combined with mouthwash during pregnancy on preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Association of Chlorhexidine Use and Scaling and Root Planing With Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Individuals With Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Measuring and Analyzing Length of Stay in Critical Care Trials.Medical care · 2019Pooled it
- The Effect of Prenatal Treatments on Offspring Events in the Presence of Competing Events: An Application to a Randomized Trial of Fertility Therapies.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Trial
- Quality-of-life outcomes with coronary artery bypass graft surgery in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction: a randomized trial.Annals of internal medicine · 2014Trial
- Causal Approaches to Disease Progression Analyses.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Causal Inference Over a Subpopulation: The Effect of Malaria Vaccine in Women During Pregnancy.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
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- A BAYESIAN MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING HETEROGENEOUS SURVIVOR CAUSAL EFFECTS: APPLICATIONS TO A CRITICAL CARE TRIAL.The annals of applied statistics · 2024Article
- Multilevel Resilience and HIV Virologic Suppression Among African American/Black Adults in the Southeastern United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- The survival-incorporated median vs the median in the survivors or in the always-survivors: What are we measuring? and Why?Statistics in medicine · 2023Article
- A Bayesian Approach for Estimating the Survivor Average Causal Effect When Outcomes Are Truncated by Death in Cluster-Randomized Trials.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Social support, psychosocial risks, and cardiovascular health: Using harmonized data from the Jackson Heart Study, Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Examining relationships between perceived neighborhood social cohesion and ideal cardiovascular health and whether psychosocial stressors modify observed relationships among JHS, MESA, and MASALA participants.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Causal Inference in Studying the Long-Term Health Effects of Disasters: Challenges and Potential Solutions.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- A structured methodology review showed analyses of functional outcomes are frequently limited to "survivors only" in trials enrolling patients at high risk of death.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2021Review
- Reflection on modern methods: causal inference considerations for heterogeneous disease etiology.International journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Examining Optimism, Psychosocial Risks, and Cardiovascular Health Using Life's Simple 7 Metrics in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Jackson Heart Study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Operationalizing needs-focused palliative care for older adults in intensive care units: Design of and rationale for the PCplanner randomized clinical trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In randomized trials with follow-up, outcomes such as quality of life may be undefined for individuals who die before the follow-up is complete. In such settings, restricting analysis to those who survive can give rise to biased outcome comparisons. An alternative approach is to consider the "principal strata effect" or "survivor average causal effect" (SACE), defined as the effect of treatment on the outcome among the subpopulation that would have survived under either treatment arm. The authors describe a very simple technique that can be used to assess the SACE. They give both a sensitivity analysis technique and conditions under which a crude comparison provides a conservative estimate of the SACE. The method is illustrated using data from the ARDSnet (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network) clinical trial comparing low-volume ventilation and traditional ventilation methods for individuals with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.