ReviewNeurochemical research2011
Integrating experimental (in vitro and in vivo) neurotoxicity studies of low-dose thimerosal relevant to vaccines.
Review in Neurochemical research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts.Critical reviews in toxicology · 2014Pooled it
- Enhancement of Vitamin C's Protective Effect against Thimerosal-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Cerebral Cortex of Wistar Albino Rats: AnACS omega · 2024Article
- Acoustic Fractional Propagation in Terms of Porous Xerogel and Fractal Parameters.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mercury Bonding to Xerogel: The Interface Fractal Dynamics of the Interaction between Two Complex Systems.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Fractal Analysis of Four Xerogels Based on TEGylated Phenothiazine and Chitosan.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- TEGylated Phenothiazine-Imine-Chitosan Materials as a Promising Framework for Mercury Recovery.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of Treadmill Exercise on the Expression Level of BAX, BAD, BCL-2, BCL-XL, TFAM, and PGC-1α in the Hippocampus of Thimerosal-Treated Rats.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Cytokines profile in neonatal and adult wild-type mice post-injection of U. S. pediatric vaccination schedule.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Microbial structure and function in infant and juvenile rhesus macaques are primarily affected by age, not vaccination status.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Exposure to mercury and aluminum in early life: developmental vulnerability as a modifying factor in neurologic and immunologic effects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Review
- Comparative study on methyl- and ethylmercury-induced toxicity in C6 glioma cells and the potential role of LAT-1 in mediating mercurial-thiol complexes uptake.Neurotoxicology · 2013Article
- Thimerosal exposure and the role of sulfation chemistry and thiol availability in autism.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2013Review
- Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity.Immunologic research · 2013Review
- Vaccine adverse events reported during the first ten years (1998-2008) after introduction in the state of Rondonia, Brazil.BioMed research international · 2013Article
- Prenatal exposure to neurotoxicants and neurodevelopment in Mexican neonates.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2012Article
- Krakow's children and cognitive function: can the study by Jedrychowski et al. show us the bigger picture?European journal of pediatrics · 2012Article
- Administration of thimerosal to infant rats increases overflow of glutamate and aspartate in the prefrontal cortex: protective role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.Neurochemical research · 2012Article
- Neurodevelopment of Amazonian infants: antenatal and postnatal exposure to methyl- and ethylmercury.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2012Article
- Mercury disposition in suckling rats: comparative assessment following parenteral exposure to thiomersal and mercuric chloride.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is a need to interpret neurotoxic studies to help deal with uncertainties surrounding pregnant mothers, newborns and young children who must receive repeated doses of Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs). This review integrates information derived from emerging experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) of low-dose Thimerosal (sodium ethyl mercury thiosalicylate). Major databases (PubMed and Web-of-science) were searched for in vitro and in vivo experimental studies that addressed the effects of low-dose Thimerosal (or ethylmercury) on neural tissues and animal behaviour. Information extracted from studies indicates that: (a) activity of low doses of Thimerosal against isolated human and animal brain cells was found in all studies and is consistent with Hg neurotoxicity; (b) the neurotoxic effect of ethylmercury has not been studied with co-occurring adjuvant-Al in TCVs; (c) animal studies have shown that exposure to Thimerosal-Hg can lead to accumulation of inorganic Hg in brain, and that (d) doses relevant to TCV exposure possess the potential to affect human neuro-development. Thimerosal at concentrations relevant for infants' exposure (in vaccines) is toxic to cultured human-brain cells and to laboratory animals. The persisting use of TCV (in developing countries) is counterintuitive to global efforts to lower Hg exposure and to ban Hg in medical products; its continued use in TCV requires evaluation of a sufficiently nontoxic level of ethylmercury compatible with repeated exposure (co-occurring with adjuvant-Al) during early life.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.