Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21348941›Full record

ArticleThe FEBS journal2011

Alizarine derivatives as new dual inhibitors of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-associated DNA polymerase and RNase H activities effective also on the RNase H activity of non-nucleoside resistant reverse transcriptases.

Francesca Esposito, Tatyana Kharlamova, Simona Distinto, Luca Zinzula, Yung-Chi Cheng, Ginger Dutschman, Giovanni Floris, Patrick Markt, Angela Corona, Enzo Tramontano

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The FEBS journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Frontiers in chemistry · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Francesca EspositoDepartment of Applied Sciences in Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Tatyana Kharlamova
Simona Distinto
Luca Zinzula
Yung-Chi Cheng
Ginger Dutschman
Giovanni Floris
Patrick Markt
Angela Corona
Enzo Tramontano
University of Cagliari · ITYale University · USMagna Graecia University · ITUniversität Innsbruck · AT

Funding

BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIHIV COMPOUNDSR01AI038204 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI CHENG, YUNG-CHI · 1995 to 2014
$5.2M
NIAID NIH HHS AI-38204NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI038204NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI038204
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) has two associated activities, DNA polymerase and RNase H, both essential for viral replication and validated drug targets. Although all RT inhibitors approved for therapy target DNA polymerase activity, the search for new RT inhibitors that target the RNase H function and are possibly active on RTs resistant to the known non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNRTI) is a viable approach for anti-HIV drug development. In this study, several alizarine derivatives were synthesized and tested for both HIV-1 RT-associated activities. Alizarine analogues K-49 and KNA-53 showed IC(50) values for both RT-associated functions of ∼ 10 μm. When tested on the K103N RT, both derivatives inhibited the RT-associated functions equally, whereas when tested on the Y181C RT, KNA-53 inhibited the RNase H function and was inactive on the polymerase function. Mechanism of action studies showed that these derivatives do not intercalate into DNA and do not chelate the divalent cofactor Mg(2+) . Kinetic studies demonstrated that they are noncompetitive inhibitors, they do not bind to the RNase H active site or to the classical NNRTI binding pocket, even though efavirenz binding negatively influenced K-49/KNA-53 binding and vice versa. This behavior suggested that the alizarine derivatives binding site might be close to the NNRTI binding pocket. Docking experiments and molecular dynamic simulation confirmed the experimental data and the ability of these compounds to occupy a binding pocket close to the NNRTI site.

Indexed as

Nucleic Acid Synthesis InhibitorsAnthraquinonesBase SequenceDrug Resistance, ViralHIV Reverse TranscriptaseInhibitory Concentration 50Models, MolecularMolecular Dynamics SimulationMutagenesisReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsRibonuclease HalizarinAnthraquinonesHIV Reverse TranscriptaseNucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitorsreverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1Reverse Transcriptase InhibitorsRibonuclease H

Identifiers

PMID21348941
PMCPMC3682423
OpenAlexW1491518302

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.