ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2011
Levofloxacin cures experimental pneumonic plague in African green monkeys.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial Treatment and Prophylaxis of Plague: Recommendations for Naturally Acquired Infections and Bioterrorism Response.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Contributions of persisters and the Eagle effect to survival ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- An evaluation of antibiotic options for the treatment of biothreat pathogens.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2025Review
- Clinical and Translational Pharmacology Considerations for Anti-infectives Approved Under the FDA Animal Rule.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2023Review
- Anatomical, Histological, and Morphometrical Investigations of the Auditory Ossicles inBiology · 2023Article
- Long-term persistence of viral RNA and inflammation in the CNS of macaques exposed to aerosolized Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Antibiotic Therapy of Plague: A Review.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Article
- The African Green Monkey Model of Pneumonic Plague and US Food and Drug Administration Approval of Antimicrobials Under the Animal Rule.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Effect of Delaying Treatment on Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin in the African Green Monkey Model of Pneumonic Plague.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Deliberate release: Plague - A review.Journal of biosafety and biosecurity · 2020Review
- Genome-wide assessment of antimicrobial tolerance inMicrobial genomics · 2019Article
- Challenges and Benefits of Repurposing Products for Use during a Radiation Public Health Emergency: Lessons Learned from Biological Threats and other Disease Treatments.Radiation research · 2018Article
- Natural History of Francisella tularensis in Aerosol-Challenged BALB/c Mice.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Immunisation of two rodent species with new live-attenuated mutants ofNPJ vaccines · 2016Article
- Intramuscular Immunization of Mice with a Live-Attenuated Triple Mutant of Yersinia pestis CO92 Induces Robust Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity To Completely Protect Animals against Pneumonic Plague.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- Remote monitoring of the progression of primary pneumonic plague in Brown Norway rats in high-capacity, high-containment housing.Pathogens and disease · 2014Article
- Broad spectrum antiviral activity of favipiravir (T-705): protection from highly lethal inhalational Rift Valley Fever.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- A non-invasive in vivo imaging system to study dissemination of bioluminescent Yersinia pestis CO92 in a mouse model of pneumonic plague.Microbial pathogenesis · 2013Article
- Lack of antimicrobial resistance in Yersinia pestis isolates from 17 countries in the Americas, Africa, and Asia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundYersinia pestis, the agent of plague, is considered a potential bioweapon due to rapid lethality when delivered as an aerosol. Levofloxacin was tested for primary pneumonic plague treatment in a nonhuman primate model mimicking human disease. METHODS AND
resultsTwenty-four African Green monkeys (AGMs, Chlorocebus aethiops) were challenged via head-only aerosol inhalation with 3-145 (mean = 65) 50% lethal (LD(50)) doses of Y. pestis strain CO92. Telemetered body temperature >39 °C initiated intravenous infusions to seven 5% dextrose controls or 17 levofloxacin treated animals. Levofloxacin was administered as a "humanized" dose regimen of alternating 8 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg 30-min infusions every 24-h, continuing until animal death or 20 total infusions, followed by 14 days of observation. Fever appeared at 53-165 h and radiographs found multilobar pneumonia in all exposed animals. All control animals died of severe pneumonic plague within five days of aerosol exposure. All 16 animals infused with levofloxacin for 10 days survived. Levofloxacin treatment abolished bacteremia within 24 h in animals with confirmed pre-infusion bacteremia, and reduced tachypnea and leukocytosis but not fever during the first 2 days of infusions.
conclusionLevofloxacin cures established pneumonic plague when treatment is initiated after the onset of fever in the lethal aerosol-challenged AGM nonhuman primate model, and can be considered for treatment of other forms of plague. Levofloxacin may also be considered for primary presumptive-use, multi-agent antibiotic in bioterrorism events prior to identification of the pathogen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.