Trial reportNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2011
Pattern classification of working memory networks reveals differential effects of methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and placebo in healthy volunteers.
Trial report in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural bases of pharmacological treatment of nicotine dependence - insights from functional brain imaging: a systematic review.CNS drugs · 2013Pooled it
- An experimental medicine study of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, roflumilast, on working memory-related brain activity and episodic memory in schizophrenia patients.Psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Neural correlates of atomoxetine improving inhibitory control and visual processing in Drug-naïve adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Human brain mapping · 2017Trial
- Differential impact of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on sustained attention in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2015Trial
- The effects of methylphenidate on whole brain intrinsic functional connectivity.Human brain mapping · 2014Trial
- Distributed effects of methylphenidate on the network structure of the resting brain: a connectomic pattern classification analysis.NeuroImage · 2013Trial
- Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state functional connectivity of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathways in cocaine addiction.JAMA psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Common and unique therapeutic mechanisms of stimulant and nonstimulant treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Archives of general psychiatry · 2012Trial
- Review
- Balint Syndrome in a Patient With Isolated Corpus Callosum Stroke: A Case Study With Narrative Review.Cureus · 2025Article
- Evidence for the Beneficial Effect of Reward on Working Memory: A Meta-Analytic Study.Journal of Intelligence · 2024Article
- Reward Expectation Differentially Modulates Global and Local Spatial Working Memory Accuracy.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Assessing attention orienting in mice: a novel touchscreen adaptation of the Posner-style cueing task.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Unravelling the effects of methylphenidate on the dopaminergic and noradrenergic functional circuits.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Multiregional integration in the brain during resting-state fMRI activity.PLoS computational biology · 2017Article
- Working Memory after Traumatic Brain Injury: The Neural Basis of Improved Performance with Methylphenidate.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2017Article
- Catecholamines and cognition after traumatic brain injury.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2016Review
- Differentiation of rodent behavioral phenotypes and methylphenidate action in sustained and flexible attention tasks.Brain research · 2016Article
- The effects of methylphenidate on cerebral responses to conflict anticipation and unsigned prediction error in a stop-signal task.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2016Article
- Pharmaco fMRI: Determining the functional anatomy of the effects of medication.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Stimulant and non-stimulant drugs can reduce symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The stimulant drug methylphenidate (MPH) and the non-stimulant drug atomoxetine (ATX) are both widely used for ADHD treatment, but their differential effects on human brain function remain unclear. We combined event-related fMRI with multivariate pattern recognition to characterize the effects of MPH and ATX in healthy volunteers performing a rewarded working memory (WM) task. The effects of MPH and ATX on WM were strongly dependent on their behavioral context. During non-rewarded trials, only MPH could be discriminated from placebo (PLC), with MPH producing a similar activation pattern to reward. During rewarded trials both drugs produced the opposite effect to reward, that is, attenuating WM networks and enhancing task-related deactivations (TRDs) in regions consistent with the default mode network (DMN). The drugs could be directly discriminated during the delay component of rewarded trials: MPH produced greater activity in WM networks and ATX produced greater activity in the DMN. Our data provide evidence that: (1) MPH and ATX have prominent effects during rewarded WM in task-activated and -deactivated networks; (2) during the delay component of rewarded trials, MPH and ATX have opposing effects on activated and deactivated networks: MPH enhances TRDs more than ATX, whereas ATX attenuates WM networks more than MPH; and (3) MPH mimics reward during encoding. Thus, interactions between drug effects and motivational state are crucial in defining the effects of MPH and ATX.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.