ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2011
Rapid development of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in HIV-infected children less than two years of age initiating protease inhibitor-based therapy in South Africa.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and predictors of virological failure in pediatric patients on HAART in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Pooled it
- Contribution of Gag and Protease to HIV-1 Phenotypic Drug Resistance in Pediatric Patients Failing Protease Inhibitor-Based Therapy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Trial
- Concordance between allele-specific PCR and ultra-deep pyrosequencing for the detection of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations.Journal of virological methods · 2014Trial
- Global, regional, and national prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Drug Resistance Mutations Among South African Children Living With HIV on WHO-recommended ART Regimens.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Virological response and resistances over 12 months among HIV-infected children less than two years receiving first-line lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy in Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso: the MONOD ANRS 12206 cohort.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Article
- Article
- Genetic Changes in HIV-1 Gag-Protease Associated with Protease Inhibitor-Based Therapy Failure in Pediatric Patients.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
- Virologic failure among children taking lopinavir/ritonavir-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2015Article
- Article
- Drug resistance in children at virological failure in a rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, cohort.AIDS research and therapy · 2014Article
- Plasma lopinavir concentrations predict virological failure in a cohort of South African children initiating a protease-inhibitor-based regimen.Antiviral therapy · 2014Article
- High-level cross-resistance to didanosine observed in South African children failing an abacavir- or stavudine-based 1st-line regimen.PloS one · 2014Article
- Resistance in pediatric patients experiencing virologic failure with first-line and second-line antiretroviral therapy.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Article
- Adherence and viral suppression among infants and young children initiating protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Article
- Surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces, South Africa, 2005-2009.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2012Article
- World Health Organization generic protocol to assess drug-resistant HIV among children <18 months of age and newly diagnosed with HIV in resource-limited countries.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2012Article
- Antiretroviral resistance in HIV-infected Saudi children failing first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Data on the development of antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1-infected children receiving protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) are limited. We examined antiretroviral resistance among a cohort of 323 South African HIV-infected children <2 years old exposed to nevirapine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Ritonavir (RTV) was used initially for 138 children who were <6 months old or receiving antimycobacterial therapy; otherwise children received lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based ART. HIV-1 population sequencing of the pol gene was conducted on all pretreatment samples and on posttreatment samples for children who did not achieve HIV-1 plasma RNA <400 copies/ml by 52 weeks. Among children in the cohort, 38 died, 22 had <24 weeks follow-up, 209 achieved virologic suppression, and 54 did not. Of 41 children without virologic suppression with posttreatment HIV genotype data available, major resistance mutations were found in 32 (78%): 14 (36%) had PI mutations including V82A, M46I, and L90M; 29 (71%) had M184V/I; and three had NNRTI mutations (K103N, Y181C, and G190A). Among the children who did not achieve virologic suppression, none of the seven children treated exclusively with LPV/r developed PI-related mutations, compared with 14 of 32 (44%) who received RTV-based regimens (p=0.036); PI genotypes were unavailable for two children. Seventy-eight percent of children without virologic suppression developed resistance mutations that impact second-line ART options. Only children who received RTV-based ART developed major PI-related resistance mutations, and use of this regimen should be avoided.
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Registered trials
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