ArticleTobacco control2011
Economic costs attributable to smoking in China: update and an 8-year comparison, 2000-2008.
Article in Tobacco control, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Meta-Analysis of Cigarette Smoking Prevalence among Adolescents in China: 1981-2010.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Pooled it
- Evidence for cost-effectiveness of lifestyle primary preventions for cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific Region: a systematic review.Globalization and health · 2014Pooled it
- Text to Quit China: An mHealth Smoking Cessation Trial.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2017Trial
- Connection of smoking with risks of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension among adults in Northeast China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Years of life lost due to insufficient sleep and associated economic burden in China from 2010-18.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Building a House on Sand: How Tobacco Use Is Devouring Resources.Addiction & health · 2023Review
- Economic cost of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- The impact of smoking on annual healthcare cost: an econometric model analysis in China, 2015.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- The Economic Burden of Smoking-Attribution and Years of Life Lost due to Chronic Diseases in Mashhad, 2015-2016.International journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Effects of government cash subsidies on health risk behaviors of the rural elderly: Evidence from social pension expansions in China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- Catastrophic health expenditure: A comparative analysis of smoking and non-smoking households in China.PloS one · 2020Article
- Economic burden of smoking-attributable diseases in China: A systematic review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Review
- Gender Differences in Labour Losses Associated with Smoking-Related Mortality.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Global economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases.Tobacco control · 2018Article
- Economic Burden of Smoking in Iran: A Prevalence-Based Annual Cost ApproachAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2017Article
- Prevalence-based, disease-specific estimate of the social cost of smoking in Singapore.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Dependence in Men and Women Residing in Two Provinces in China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Article
- Estimation of the Cost of Smoking-Attributable Diseases (Five Selected Diseases): A Case in Kerman City, Iran, 2014.Addiction & health · 2017Article
- Trends in smoking prevalence and attributable mortality in China, 1991-2011.Preventive medicine · 2016Article
- Cancer prevention and control: alarming challenges in China.National science review · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the health-related economic costs attributable to smoking in China for persons aged 35 and older in 2003 and in 2008 and to compare these costs with the respective results from 2000.
methodsA prevalence-based, disease-specific approach was used to estimate smoking-attributable direct and indirect economic costs. The primary data source was the 2003 and 2008 China National Health Services Survey, which contains individual participant's smoking status, healthcare use and expenditures.
resultsThe total economic cost of smoking in China amounted to $17.1 billion in 2003 and $28.9 billion in 2008 (both measured in 2008 constant US$). Direct smoking-attributable healthcare costs in 2003 and 2008 were $4.2 billion and $6.2 billion, respectively. Indirect economic costs in 2003 and 2008 were $12.9 billion and $22.7 billion, respectively. Compared to 2000, the direct costs of smoking rose by 72% in 2003 and 154% in 2008, while the indirect costs of smoking rose by 170% in 2003 and 376% in 2008.
conclusionsThe economic burden of cigarette smoking has increased substantially in China during the past decade and is expected to continue to increase as the national economy and the price of healthcare services grow. Stronger intervention measures against smoking should be taken without delay to reduce the health and financial losses caused by smoking.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.