ArticleNature materials2011
Interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles as synthetic vaccines for potent humoral and cellular immune responses.
Article in Nature materials, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 228 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
228 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancements in nanoparticle-based vaccine development against Japanese encephalitis virus: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Ultra-slow release of hydrophilic drugs via multilamellar-multivesicular liposomes formed by unsaturated phospholipids.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Advances in improving cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: from smart nanoparticles to synergistic combination strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle Engineering in Modern Vaccinology: From Delivery Platforms to Immune-Programming Architectures.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Multiplexed cytokine and antigen mRNA administration generates durable anti-tumor immunity against pancreatic cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Covalent conjugation of TLR9 agonists to phospholipids enhances mRNA-LNP delivery efficiency and dendritic cell cross-priming.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Thermoreversibly assembled polymersomes for highly efficient loading, processing and delivery of protein and siRNA biologics.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Tracking the morphological evolution of neuronal dendrites by first-passage analysis.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Antigen Delivery: Advancing Immunization Strategies against Infectious Pathogens.Biomaterials research · 2026Review
- Unveiling an Immunological Mystery: Deciphering the Durability Divide in Vaccine-Elicited Antibody Responses.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Smart Vesicle Therapeutics: Engineering Precision at the Nanoscale.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Rational design of immunogenic nanoparticles as a platform to reduce ovarian tumor burden in mice.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- GMP Manufacturing and Characterization of the HIV Booster Immunogen HxB2.WT.Core-C4b for Germline Targeting Vaccine Strategies.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle Delivery of Alu RNA Adjuvants Enhances Vaccine Immunogenicity.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Biometric Strategies to Improve Vaccine Immunogenicity and Effectiveness.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Engineering a bivalent nanoparticle vaccine with PCV2 capsid protein and PRRSV epitopes.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Rational Design of Immunogenic Nanoparticles as a Platform for Enhanced Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A Novel Polymersome Nanocarrier Promotes Anti-Tumour Immunity by Improved Priming of CD8Immunology · 2025Article
- Universal Prophylactic Antitumor Vaccination Using Stem Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
168 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines based on recombinant proteins avoid the toxicity and antivector immunity associated with live vaccine (for example, viral) vectors, but their immunogenicity is poor, particularly for CD8(+) T-cell responses. Synthetic particles carrying antigens and adjuvant molecules have been developed to enhance subunit vaccines, but in general these materials have failed to elicit CD8(+) T-cell responses comparable to those for live vectors in preclinical animal models. Here, we describe interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles formed by crosslinking headgroups of adjacent lipid bilayers within multilamellar vesicles. Interbilayer-crosslinked vesicles stably entrapped protein antigens in the vesicle core and lipid-based immunostimulatory molecules in the vesicle walls under extracellular conditions, but exhibited rapid release in the presence of endolysosomal lipases. We found that these antigen/adjuvant-carrying vesicles form an extremely potent whole-protein vaccine, eliciting endogenous T-cell and antibody responses comparable to those for the strongest vaccine vectors. These materials should enable a range of subunit vaccines and provide new possibilities for therapeutic protein delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.