Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21335520›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology2011

Cigarette smoke extract suppresses the RIG-I-initiated innate immune response to influenza virus in the human lung.

Wenxin Wu, Krupa B Patel, J Leland Booth, Wei Zhang, Jordan P Metcalf

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Respiratory viral infection: a potential "missing link" in the pathogenesis of COPD.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2019
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Wenxin WuPulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.
Krupa B Patel
J Leland Booth
Wei Zhang
Jordan P Metcalf
Pulmonary and Critical Care Associates · USUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center · US

Funding

Translation of immunologic technologies from basic research into pre-clinical nonU19AI062629 · NIAID · OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION · PI THOMPSON, LINDA F · 2004 to 2023
$56.2M
NIAID NIH HHS 1-U19-AI-62629NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI062629
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and predisposes subjects to severe respiratory tract infections. Epidemiological studies have shown that cigarette smokers are seven times more likely to contract influenza infection than nonsmokers. The mechanisms underlying this increased susceptibility are poorly characterized. Retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I is believed to play an important role in the recognition of, and response to, influenza virus and other RNA viruses. Our study focused on how cigarette smoke extract (CSE) alters the influenza-induced proinflammatory response and suppresses host antiviral activity in the human lung using a unique lung organ culture model. We first determined that treatment with 2-20% CSE did not induce cytotoxicity as assessed by LDH release. However, CSE treatment inhibited influenza-induced IFN-inducible protein 10 protein and mRNA expression. Induction of the major antiviral cytokine IFN-β mRNA was also decreased by CSE. CSE also blunted viral-mediated RIG-I mRNA and protein expression. Inhibition of viral-mediated RIG-I induction by CSE was prevented by the antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine and glutathione. These findings show that CSE suppresses antiviral and innate immune responses in influenza virus-infected human lungs through oxidative inhibition of viral-mediated induction of the pattern recognition receptor RIG-I. This immunosuppressive effect of CSE may play a role in the enhanced susceptibility of smokers to serious influenza infection in the lung.

Indexed as

AntioxidantsBlotting, WesternCytokinesDEAD Box Protein 58DEAD-box RNA HelicasesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHumansImmunity, InnateImmunoenzyme TechniquesImmunosuppression TherapyInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza, HumanInterferon-betaL-Lactate DehydrogenaseLungReceptors, ImmunologicAntioxidantsCytokinesDEAD Box Protein 58DEAD-box RNA HelicasesInterferon-betaL-Lactate DehydrogenaseReceptors, ImmunologicRIGI protein, humanRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID21335520
PMCPMC3119130
OpenAlexW2108620165

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.