Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21333672›Full record

ReviewVision research2011

Color in the cortex: single- and double-opponent cells.

Robert Shapley, Michael J Hawken

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Vision research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
117citing papers in PubMed
8.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

117 citing papers in PubMed, 338 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  3. Perceptual and neural constraints on photometric measures of heterochromatic brightness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  17. A Turing Test for artificial nets devoted to vision.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025
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  19. Review
  20. Article

57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Robert ShapleyCenter for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, United States. shapley@cns.nyu.edu
Michael J Hawken
New York University · US

Funding

SPATIAL SUMMATION AND DYNAMICS OF VISUAL NEURONSR01EY001472 · NEI · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI SHAPLEY, ROBERT M · 1985 to 2011
$4.1M
CORTICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE VISUAL IMAGER01EY008300 · NEI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI HAWKEN, MICHAEL J · 1990 to 2007
$2.0M
Juxtacellular Characterization of V1 NeuronsR01EY017945 · NEI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI HAWKEN, MICHAEL J · 2007 to 2011
$1.9M
NEI NIH HHS EY01472NEI NIH HHS EY08300NEI NIH HHS EY17945NEI NIH HHS R01 EY001472NEI NIH HHS R01 EY008300NEI NIH HHS R01 EY017945
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This is a review of the research during the past 25years on cortical processing of color signals. At the beginning of the period the modular view of cortical processing predominated. However, at present an alternative view, that color and form are linked inextricably in visual cortical processing, is more persuasive than it seemed in 1985. Also, the role of the primary visual cortex, V1, in color processing now seems much larger than it did in 1985. The re-evaluation of the important role of V1 in color vision was caused in part by investigations of human V1 responses to color, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, and in part by the results of numerous studies of single-unit neurophysiology in non-human primates. The neurophysiological results have highlighted the importance of double-opponent cells in V1. Another new concept is population coding of hue, saturation, and brightness in cortical neuronal population activity.

Indexed as

AnimalsColor PerceptionHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuronsPhotic StimulationPrimatesVisual Cortex

Identifiers

PMID21333672
PMCPMC3121536
OpenAlexW2018162634

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.