Trial reportClinical oral investigations2012
Randomized controlled trial on fluoride varnish application for treatment of white spot lesion after fixed orthodontic treatment.
Trial report in Clinical oral investigations, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of various interventions for the management of white spot lesions associated with fixed orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- White spot lesions: diagnosis and treatment - a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of remineralizing agents in the prevention and reversal of orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Pooled it
- Caries remineralisation and arresting effect in children by professionally applied fluoride treatment - a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2016Pooled it
- A 12-months randomized clinical trial comparing fluoride-based remineralising protocols on post-orthodontic initial caries lesions.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of the remineralization potential of self-assembling peptide P11-4 with fluoride compared to fluoride varnish in the management of incipient carious lesions: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of the remineralizing effect of biomimetic self-assembling peptides in post-orthodontic white spot lesions compared to fluoride-based delivery systems: randomized controlled trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Trial
- Evaluation of fluoride varnish treatment of postorthodontic white spot lesions by visual inspection and laser fluorescence-A randomized controlled study.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2022Trial
- A 12-Week Assessment of the Treatment of White Spot Lesions with CPP-ACP Paste and/or Fluoride Varnish.BioMed research international · 2016Trial
- Effectiveness of MI Paste Plus and PreviDent fluoride varnish for treatment of white spot lesions: a randomized controlled trial.American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2013Trial
- Article
- The Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride Combined with Potassium Iodide and Sodium Fluoride on the Remineralisation of Hydroxyapatite.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2025Article
- In vitro effect of two resin based materials for treating initial caries lesion around braces, under cariogenic challenge.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2023Article
- Screening of fluoride analysis as a biochemical parameter in the orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Effect of topical fluoride application and diode laser-irradiation on white spot lesions of human enamel.The Saudi dental journal · 2021Article
- Inhibitory Effect ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- Article
- Time-dependent effects after enamel fluoride application on an acid etching system in orthodontic bracket bonding.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Article
- Evidence-based consensus for treating incipient enamel caries in adults by non-invasive methods: recommendations by GRADE guideline.The Japanese dental science review · 2020Article
- Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Enamel Color Variation Using Infiltration Resin Treatment of White Spot Lesions at One Year Follow-Up.Dentistry journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of fluoride varnish (5% sodium fluoride, Duraphat(®), Colgate) in reverting white spot lesions (WSLs) after fixed orthodontic treatment. This study was a randomized, parallel group, controlled clinical trial. Using saline solution as control, 110 participants (mean age ± standard deviation: 16.6 ± 3.2 years) ranging from 12 to 22 years old were randomly assigned to either the test group (group 1) or the control group (group 2). Application of fluoride varnish or saline was applied onto tooth surfaces with WSLs every month during the first 6 months after debonding. The labial (buccal) surfaces of the teeth were assessed by the use of a DIAGNOdent pen (DD) at the baseline, 3- and 6-month follow-up visits. After 6 months, 96 subjects with a total of 209 study teeth (47 subjects, 104 teeth in group 1; 49 subjects, 105 teeth in group 2) remained. The WSLs had a mean DD reading at baseline of 17.66 ± 5.36 in group 1 and 16.19 ± 5.70 in group 2, which decreased by 5.78 and 2.44, respectively, at the 3-month follow-up visit and decreased by 7.56 and 3.09, respectively, at the 6-month follow-up visit. The mean baseline DD readings in the two groups were similar (t test, P > 0.05). There was statistically significant differences between the mean DD readings of the two groups at the 3-month (P < 0.05) and at the 6-month follow-up visits (P < 0.01). Topical fluoride varnish application is effective in reversing WSLs after debonding and should be advocated as a routine caries prevention measure after orthodontic treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.