Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21330406›Full record

ArticleMolecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)2011

Hormone depletion-insensitivity of prostate cancer cells is supported by the AR without binding to classical response elements.

Mesfin Gonit, Juan Zhang, Marcela d'Alincourt Salazar, Hongjuan Cui, Aymen Shatnawi, Robert Trumbly, Manohar Ratnam

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. Strategy for Tumor-Selective Disruption of Androgen Receptor Function in the Spectrum of Prostate Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2018
    Article
  11. Identification of Androgen Receptor Modulators in a Prostate Cancer Cell Line Microarray Compendium.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2018
    Article
  12. Article
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  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mesfin GonitDepartment of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Ohio, 3035 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA.
Juan Zhang
Marcela d'Alincourt Salazar
Hongjuan Cui
Aymen Shatnawi
Robert Trumbly
Manohar Ratnam
University of Toledo Medical Center · USDuke University · US

Funding

Regulation of a Tumor Target Through Steroid ReceptorsR01CA103964 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO HEALTH SCI CAMPUS · PI RATNAM, MANOHAR · 2004 to 2008
$1.3M
NCI NIH HHS CA103964NCI NIH HHS R01 CA103964
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A need for androgen response elements (AREs) for androgen receptor (AR)-dependent growth of hormone depletion-insensitive prostate cancer is generally presumed. In such cells, androgen-independent activation by AR of certain genes has been attributed to selective increases in basal associations of AR with putative enhancers. We examined the importance of AR binding to DNA in prostate cancer cells in which proliferation in the absence of hormone was profoundly (∼ 90%) dependent on endogenous AR and where the receptor was not up-regulated or mutated but was predominantly nuclear. Here, ARE-mediated promoter activation and the binding of AR to a known ARE in the chromatin remained entirely androgen dependent, and the cells showed an androgen-responsive gene expression profile with an unaltered sensitivity to androgen dose. In the same cells, a different set of genes primarily enriched for cell division functions was activated by AR independently of hormone and significantly overlapped the signature gene overexpression profile of hormone ablation-insensitive clinical tumors. After knockdown of endogenous AR, hormone depletion-insensitive cell proliferation and AR apoprotein-dependent gene expression were rescued by an AR mutant that was unable to bind to ARE but that could transactivate through a well-established AR tethering protein. Hormone depletion-insensitive AR binding sites in the chromatin were functional, binding, and responding to both the wild-type and the mutant AR and lacked enrichment for canonical or noncanonical ARE half-sites. Therefore, a potentially diverse set of ARE-independent mechanisms of AR interactions with target genes must underlie truly hormone depletion-insensitive gene regulation and proliferation in prostate cancer.

Indexed as

Response ElementsAndrogensCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationChromatinGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGene Knockdown TechniquesHumansMaleNeoplasms, Hormone-DependentPromoter Regions, GeneticProstatic NeoplasmsReceptors, AndrogenRNA, Small InterferingSignal TransductionAndrogensChromatinReceptors, AndrogenRNA, Small Interfering

Identifiers

PMID21330406
PMCPMC3063083
OpenAlexW2065138455

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.