Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21329363›Full record

ArticleBiochemistry2011

Rational approach to select small peptide molecular probes labeled with fluorescent cyanine dyes for in vivo optical imaging.

Mikhail Y Berezin, Kevin Guo, Walter Akers, Joseph Livingston, Metasebya Solomon, Hyeran Lee, Kexian Liang, Anthony Agee, Samuel Achilefu

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Biochemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. More Than a Glow: How Cyanine Dyes Shape Tracer Pharmacokinetics.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Review
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  11. Deciphering albumin-directed drug delivery by imaging.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mikhail Y BerezinDepartment of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.
Kevin Guo
Walter Akers
Joseph Livingston
Metasebya Solomon
Hyeran Lee
Kexian Liang
Anthony Agee
Samuel Achilefu
Washington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

UIUC Nanomaterials & Nanofabrication for Targeting CancerU54CA119342 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI WICKLINE, SAMUEL A · 2005 to 2009
$16.5M
Task Specific Project 3: Diffuse Optical TomographyU54CA136398 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ACHILEFU, SAMUEL · 2008 to 2012
$6.0M
Optical Probes &Methods for Imaging Integrin ExpressionR01CA109754 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ACHILEFU, SAMUEL · 2004 to 2008
$2.9M
MOLECULAR PROBES AND METHODS FOR FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME TOMOGRAPHY AND MICROSCOPYR01EB008111 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ACHILEFU, SAMUEL · 2009 to 2012
$1.9M
NEAR INFRARED PH-SENSITIVE MOLECULAR PROBES FOR MICROSCOPY OF CELLS AND TISSUESR01EB007276 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ACHILEFU, SAMUEL · 2008 to 2011
$1.3M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA109754NCI NIH HHS U54 CA119342NCI NIH HHS U54 CA136398NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB007276NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB00811NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB008111
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We demonstrate that the structure of carbocyanine dyes, which are commonly used to label small peptides for molecular imaging and not the bound peptide, controls the rate of extravasation from blood vessels to tissue. By examining several near-infrared (NIR) carbocyanine fluorophores, we demonstrate a quantitative correlation between the binding of a dye to albumin, a model plasma protein, and the rate of extravasation of the probe into tissue. Binding of the dyes was measured by fluorescence quenching of the tryptophans in albumin and was found to be inversely proportional to the rate of extravasation. The rate of extravasation, determined by kurtosis from longitudinal imaging studies using rodent ear models, provided a basis for quantitative measurements. Structure-activity studies aimed at evaluating a representative library of NIR fluorescent cyanine probes showed that hydrophilic dyes with binding constants several orders of magnitude lower than their hydrophobic counterparts have much faster extravasation rate, establishing a foundation for rational probe design. The correlation provides a guideline for dye selection in optical imaging and a method to verify if a certain dye is optimal for a specific molecular imaging application.

Indexed as

AnimalsCarbocyaninesExtravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic MaterialsFluorescent DyesHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsKineticsMiceMolecular ImagingMolecular ProbesOligopeptidesSerum Albumin, BovineStructure-Activity RelationshipCarbocyaninesFluorescent DyesMolecular ProbesOligopeptidesSerum Albumin, Bovine

Identifiers

PMID21329363
PMCPMC3068226
OpenAlexW2052863704

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.